BrowseSAP Cloud Application Programming Model
Everything in CAP
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Database connectorsSAP and community
@cap-js/db-service@cap-js/db-serviceThe base every CAP database service is built on: the shared query translation and pooling that SQLite, PostgreSQL and HANA specialise rather than reimplement.sap official, cap
Base service shared by CAP's SQLite, PostgreSQL and HANA services
@cap-js/hana@cap-js/hanaThe HANA database service — the production default, on the same streamlined architecture as the SQLite and PostgreSQL services.sap official, cap
SAP HANA database service for CAP
@cap-js/postgres@cap-js/postgresThe PostgreSQL database service — the production option for running CAP off HANA, sharing the base service with the other three.sap official, cap
PostgreSQL database service for CAP
@cap-js/sqlite@cap-js/sqliteThe SQLite service, in memory during the inner loop — which is why a CAP project runs before anyone has provisioned a database.sap official, cap
SQLite database service for CAP, in memory during development
@cds-pgroll/postgres@cds-pgroll/postgresThe destructive half of PostgreSQL schema evolution — DROP and RENAME, which CAP's own schema_evolution: alter will not perform — driven from the command line beside @cap-js/postgres.independent, cap
CLI for DROP and RENAME schema changes beside @cap-js/postgres
@neoimpulse/cap-js-restore-model-defined-types@neoimpulse/cap-js-restore-model-defined-typesA CAP plugin that casts values back to the types the CDS model declares after a READ, for the entities you name, where the database driver returned them as strings.independent, cap
CAP plugin casting read values back to CDS model types
@quadrio/cds-db2@quadrio/cds-db2A DB2 adapter for CDS, so a CAP model can be deployed to and served from DB2, last released July 2023 and still on npm while the repository it was published from has been deleted.independent, cap
DB2 adapter for CDS
The README is one line and the package carries no licence field. Last released July 2023. The repository the package declares has been deleted — verified against the GitHub API, not just a failed fetch. The package is still on npm, so it installs; the source it was published from is no longer readable, which is a harder thing to discover than a stale version number.
@sap/cds@sap/cdsThe CAP Node.js runtime, which compiles the CDS model, serves the services declared in it, answers generic requests before any handler runs, and loads every cds-plugin.sap official, cap
CAP Node.js runtime
@sap/cds-hana@sap/cds-hanaThe SAP Cloud Application Programming Model's database adapter for SAP HANA, the package a CAP project adds to run its model on a SAP HANA database.sap official, cap
Database adapter for SAP HANA in CAP
@sap/hana-client@sap/hana-clientSAP's own Node.js driver for SAP HANA: connect, run SQL and prepared statements, synchronously, through callbacks or as promises, over native client libraries npm installs per platform.sap official, btp
SAP's Node.js driver for SAP HANA
cap-postgres-btp-connectivitycap-postgres-btp-connectivityConnects a CAP Node.js application to a PostgreSQL database that is not publicly reachable, tunnelling through BTP Connectivity and the Cloud Connector.independent, cap
Tunnels CAP Node.js to a private PostgreSQL via Cloud Connector
cap-snowflakecap-snowflakeA CAP database adapter for Snowflake with OData V4 support, which the maintainer marks as early development, so its contract is expected to move.independent, cap
CAP database adapter for Snowflake with OData V4 support
The maintainer marks this early development; expect the contract to move.
cds-mongodbcds-mongodbMongoDB as a native CAP database service, through Mongoose — CQN reads and writes, managed associations as ObjectId references, $expand resolved by populate, and cds deploy --to mongoose.independent, cap
MongoDB as a CAP database service through Mongoose
It declares no peer range on [@sap/cds](artifact:sap-cds) and publishes no repository, so there is nothing to read but the package itself and no CI to look at.
cds-mysqlcds-mysqlA MySQL and MariaDB database adapter for CAP that connects to a database instance and translates incoming CQL/CQN requests to it; the repository the package declares has been deleted.independent, cap
MySQL and MariaDB database adapter for CAP
The repository the package declares has been deleted — verified against the GitHub API, not just a failed fetch. The package is still on npm, so it installs; the source it was published from is no longer readable, which is a harder thing to discover than a stale version number.
cds-pgcds-pgA PostgreSQL adapter for SAP CDS, built by the SAP Mentors community, which gave CAP a Postgres persistence option years before @cap-js/postgres shipped.independent, cap
PostgreSQL adapter for SAP CDS from the SAP Mentors community
The declared repository is archived.
com.sap.cds:cds-feature-hanacom.sap.cds:cds-feature-hanaThe CAP Java feature that wires a Maven application to SAP HANA Cloud, the production default among CAP's supported databases.sap official, cap
SAP HANA Cloud datasource for CAP Java applications
com.sap.cds:cds-feature-jdbccom.sap.cds:cds-feature-jdbcConnects the CAP Java runtime to JDBC databases through the CDS4j JDBC runtime: H2 and SQLite, which capire names for local development and CI tests rather than enterprise use.sap official, cap
JDBC runtime for H2 and SQLite in CAP Java
com.sap.cds:cds-feature-postgresqlcom.sap.cds:cds-feature-postgresqlThe CAP Java feature that wires a Maven application to PostgreSQL as its datasource beside SAP HANA, with limitations capire lists: schema evolution first, and no multitenancy or extensibility yet.sap official, cap
PostgreSQL datasource for CAP Java applications
com.sap.cds:cds-services-bomcom.sap.cds:cds-services-bomThe Maven bill of materials for CAP Java, pinning every com.sap.cds module in a release, from the API and core runtime to the Spring Boot starters and the CQN engine, to the same version.sap official, cap
Maven bill of materials pinning CAP Java module versions
PostgreSQL on SAP BTP, hyperscaler optionPostgreSQL on SAP BTP, hyperscaler optionA managed PostgreSQL from the underlying hyperscaler — AWS, Azure, Google Cloud or Alicloud — consumed through a BTP service binding.sap official, btp
Managed PostgreSQL from the hyperscaler via a BTP service binding
SAP HANASAP HANASAP’s relational database platform, which stores application data and executes SQL and SQLScript in the database, available on-premise and as the managed service SAP HANA Cloud.sap official, btp
SAP's relational database platform, on-premise and in HANA Cloud
For provisioning a managed database on BTP, see [SAP HANA Cloud](artifact:btp-hana-cloud). Features differ between HANA versions; an on-premise deployment and a cloud instance are not interchangeable without compatibility checks.
SAP HANA CloudSAP HANA CloudThe managed database under most of this: CAP's default target, the store Datasphere and Analytics Cloud sit on, and a service with plans and components.sap official, btp
Managed SAP HANA database service on BTP
Provisioned per plan and per component, so capacity and cost are decisions taken before any model exists. And it is the database, not a warehouse — modelling, loading and cataloguing are the products above it, and reaching it directly bypasses every semantic they add.
bookshop-demobookshop-demoSimple CDS bookshop — the reference model most CAP explanations build on.independent, cap
Simple CDS bookshop model used across CAP explanations
Neither the package manifest nor the repository tree declares a licence.
btpvulnerabilityreportbtpvulnerabilityreportA CAP application that displays findings from the BTP Application Vulnerability Report, a working CAP and Fiori app running on HANA.independent, cap
CAP and Fiori app showing BTP Application Vulnerability Report data
Neither the package manifest nor the repository tree declares a licence.
cap-cross-containercap-cross-containerA sample of five CAP services reading each other's HANA tables across HDI containers, with the grantor service key turned into a user-provided service.independent, cap
CAP services reading each other's HANA tables across HDI containers
Neither the package manifest nor the repository tree declares a licence.
capire/bookstorecapire/bookstoreA composite application assembled from separately deployed services — bookshop, reviews, orders and a common content package — rather than one project with more folders in it.sap official, cap
Composite CAP app from separately deployed services
pg-beershoppg-beershopCAP beershop running on PostgreSQL, from before an official adapter existed.independent, cap
CAP beershop on PostgreSQL, predating an official adapter
sap-cap-mongodbsap-cap-mongodbA CAP service reading and writing MongoDB from hand-written handlers that replace the persistence layer while keeping the CDS model and service, with a UI5 front end over the v2 proxy.independent, cap
CAP service reading and writing MongoDB from custom handlers
Neither the package manifest nor the repository tree declares a licence.
SAP-samples/cap-hana-exercises-codejamSAP-samples/cap-hana-exercises-codejamAn eight-exercise CodeJam that builds a full-stack CAP application on SAP HANA Cloud, from HDI containers to calculation views and stored procedures.sap official, cap
CodeJam building a full-stack CAP app on SAP HANA Cloud
2024/01最新版！Productivity Toolsを使ったCAPバックエンド開発②~HANA Cloud編~2024/01最新版！Productivity Toolsを使ったCAPバックエンド開発②~HANA Cloud編~In Japanese, and the second of a pair — database connection through to calling the API from outside, with authorisation in between. The author dates the screenshots explicitly and warns that the UI may have moved since, which is the right disclaimer for a click-through guide.takayuki_tanaka, published 2024-01-09
2024/01最新版！Productivity Toolsを使ったCAPバックエンド開発②~HANA Cloud編~
Database connectors has changed twice since this was published, most recently in @sap/cds 10.1.0, 2026-09-07. Affects A recipe.
Accelerating Your Analytics with Delta Table Replication into SAP HANA CloudAccelerating Your Analytics with Delta Table Replication into SAP HANA CloudStarting with QRC 04/2025, SAP HANA Cloud can replicate a Delta Lake table from an external Delta Sharing source directly into a native HANA table, rather than only querying it live through a virtual table. The post walks through creating a remote subscription, running a chunk-based initial load, and setting up change data capture on a schedule or on demand, each with the SQL statements and monitoring views involved, plus the simpler virtual-table-toggling and HANA Cloud Central UI alternatives.SeungjoonLee, published 2025-12-22
Agentic memory: Knowledge graph engine and recall in SAP HANA CloudAgentic memory: Knowledge graph engine and recall in SAP HANA CloudThe knowledge graph engine in SAP HANA Cloud as an agent's memory: what the engine, the graph side of graph, spatial and document data, does in an agentic workflow, how an agent keeps what it learns there, the state agent tooling holds between turns, and the SAP AI Core integration through which the database calls LLMs and tabular foundation models such as SAP-RPT-1. The abstract names the engine, the memory role and the AI Core link and does not say how the memory is written or read. DA263 on Wednesday 28 October is a two-hour hands-on on the same engine with a different cast. A TechEd 2026 session (Tuesday 27 October, Berlin), presented by Markus Fath and Shraddha Shetty, written here from SAP's abstract; the recording is not yet published.
Analyze and optimize ABAP Cloud model apps built on core data servicesAnalyze and optimize ABAP Cloud model apps built on core data servicesPerformance anti-patterns in data models built with ABAP CDS under ABAP Cloud applications, and the tools that find them: the abstract names ABAP cross trace, the SQL analyzer (PlanViz) in Visual Studio Code and the SAP HANA database explorer as what the session uses to follow a bottleneck from the application to the database. The anti-patterns are taken from real business applications, which is where the data modelling edge holds; which ones are shown is not in the abstract. A TechEd 2026 session (Tuesday 27 October, Berlin), presented by Ingo Braeuninger, Robert Werlich, Steffen Siegmund and Thomas Fiedler, written here from SAP's abstract; the recording is not yet published.
Automate Recurring Data Updates in SAP HANA CloudAutomate Recurring Data Updates in SAP HANA CloudA walkthrough for marking inventory rows stale after 30 days using SAP HANA Cloud's own scheduler: a SQLScript procedure, a CREATE SCHEDULER JOB statement with its 7-field cron pattern, the M_SCHEDULER_JOBS monitoring view, and the matching DROP statements to remove both. It then names where that approach stops and lists the alternatives for scheduling outside the database: SAP Integration Suite's Timer Event, the SAP Job Scheduling service, SAP Automation Pilot for infrastructure commands, and a custom approach for triggering scheduled REST calls from an application.Joni, published 2026-06-11
Bridging Python and SAP HANA: Inside the sqlalchemy-hana Open-Source DialectBridging Python and SAP HANA: Inside the sqlalchemy-hana Open-Source DialectA Devtoberfest 2026 data-track session (DAT-21) in which one of the maintainers of sqlalchemy-hana, the open-source SQLAlchemy dialect published in SAP's GitHub organisation, opens up what sits between Python and SAP HANA. It walks the five dialect classes that render statements, types, DDL, identifiers and sequences, and the HANA specifics they absorb: the FROM DUMMY a bare SELECT needs, a limit injected when only an offset is given, string compiled to NVARCHAR, and quoted case-sensitive identifiers against Python's lowercase. The rest covers schema migrations with Alembic on HANA's transactional DDL, the recently added async support and vector types, and that HANA Cloud and HANA 2 are supported while HANA 1 is not.SAP Developers, published 2026-09-29
Bring "developers.sap.com" Into Your Dev Environment: SAP Developer Context for AI Coding AgentsBring "developers.sap.com" Into Your Dev Environment: SAP Developer Context for AI Coding AgentsDevtoberfest 2026 session FA-11: a tour of the rebuilt developers.sap.com by the team that runs it, from the administration screens behind the home page to the agent interfaces in front of it. The site is a CAP application on SAP HANA Cloud and SAP BTP, open-sourced in full, and the half of the session that places it here is how its content reaches an agent: every tutorial is also served as markdown, a coding agent is detected and given that version instead of the HTML, a well-known agent card advertises what the site offers, and SAP Developers MCP answers questions about tutorials, news and a reader's own completion history in Claude Code and Joule Desktop, over OAuth or a personal access token. Behind the answers sit two things working together: a knowledge graph in the HANA database over 1400 tutorials and 11,000 concepts, and SAP AI Core for the Joule interactions and the embeddings, with the agent harness written for the site rather than taken off a shelf. Where neither MCP nor A2A is available, the same content is published as skills.SAP Developers, published 2026-09-25
Build AI agents and applications natively on SAP HANA CloudBuild AI agents and applications natively on SAP HANA CloudSAP HANA Cloud as the base for agentic applications on SAP Business AI Platform: the session goes through CAP, the SAP HANA Cloud vector engine and SAP AI Core, with architecture patterns and lessons learned from building AI-supported applications. SAP's abstract names the three parts of that stack and the vector engine as the database's feature in it, and describes none of the patterns. A TechEd 2026 session (Wednesday 28 October, Berlin; also DA113V, virtual), presented by Christoph Morgen and Shraddha Shetty, written here from SAP's abstract; the recording is not yet published.
Build your custom knowledge layer with SAP HANA CloudBuild your custom knowledge layer with SAP HANA CloudSAP HANA Cloud's multi-model engines, the knowledge graph engine among them, as the base for a custom knowledge layer over the enterprise's data, with SAP Business Data Cloud as the product that includes the database. Graph, spatial and document data put to an AI use; the abstract names the graph engine and not the query language or the vector side. A TechEd 2026 session (Wednesday 28 October, Berlin; also ST108V, virtual), presented by Niklas Siemer and Sebastian Schmidt, written here from SAP's abstract; the recording is not yet published.
Building a CAP App with Fiori Integration – Part 1: Environment & HANA Cloud SetupBuilding a CAP App with Fiori Integration – Part 1: Environment & HANA Cloud SetupA trial account taken from nothing to a CAPM project with a HANA Cloud instance behind it. Everything here is prerequisites, which the author says outright — the application is in the parts that follow.SuryaRamesh, published 2026-04-08
Building agentic applications with SAP HANA CloudBuilding agentic applications with SAP HANA CloudA CAP application extended with semantic search and agent features on top of SAP HANA Cloud's vector engine and SAP AI Core, built in a hands-on workshop. The abstract names the parts, CAP, the vector engine and AI Core, and the two additions: semantic search, the retrieval half of retrieval-augmented generation, and LLM-supported agent capabilities inside the application, which is agent tooling. Which embedding model, which CAP runtime and how the agent calls its tools are not stated. A TechEd 2026 session (Thursday 29 October, Berlin), presented by Hui Li, Ritty Joseph, Shraddha Shetty and Tanuja Jadhav, written here from SAP's abstract; the recording is not yet published.
Building an SAP BTP Agent Architecture from Scratch: Python + CAP + HANABuilding an SAP BTP Agent Architecture from Scratch: Python + CAP + HANAA first-person build log of a Flask orchestrator on Cloud Foundry that reduces a question to keywords, searches a Node.js service's Documents entity, and passes what it finds to Claude for a grounded answer. Getting there means learning that HANA's fuzzy .search() matches one word but not a full sentence, fixed by splitting the query into terms and merging the per-term hits, and that provisioning SAP HANA Cloud hits a database-level free-tier quota rather than an HDI-container one, with a stopped instance needing to be resumed first. It also covers @sap/cds-dk needing to sit in dependencies rather than devDependencies, since Cloud Foundry's buildpack skips the latter, before cds deploy --to hana can run as part of the push.neilaspin, published 2026-07-28
Building your knowledge graph on SAP HANA CloudBuilding your knowledge graph on SAP HANA CloudDevtoberfest 2026 session DAT-11, in which two enterprise architects explain what a knowledge graph is and then build one on SAP HANA Cloud. The first half sets the join across three relational tables against an ontology of classes and predicates, the subject-predicate-object triple written as a turtle file, and a SPARQL query over it, and argues that the chain of relationships is what makes a recommendation traceable back to its reasons. The demo, taken from a Discovery Center mission, curates the ontology and the RDF files for an accounts receivable scenario in VS Code, ingests the triples into HANA Cloud with SQL and walks the resulting graph outward from a customer; that is the graph, spatial and document data edge. It closes by separating three things that share the name: the HANA Cloud knowledge graph engine, SAP Knowledge Graph as the data, and the knowledge graph in SAP Business Data Cloud.SAP Developers, published 2026-09-22
CAP Foundry: Engineering SAP CAP Applications from Business Intent with Guardrailed AICAP Foundry: Engineering SAP CAP Applications from Business Intent with Guardrailed AICAP Foundry is a prototype that generates a CAP Node.js project with SAP Fiori elements from a written business requirement, discovering the actual data shape from a chosen source — SQLite, a configured SAP HANA HDI container, offline EDMX, live OData through the SAP Destination service, or approved SAP BTP ABAP objects — instead of inventing one. The generated application can carry a Fiori draft lifecycle with optimistic concurrency via ETags and annotation-driven Fiori elements list and object screens, localized independently of the underlying service contract. Attachments can be added with upload, download and delete, gated on a malware-scan status, and the generated project still has to compile, build and pass its generated tests before the run is accepted.Shahid, published 2026-08-20
CAP in the age of AI #6 - vector embeddingsCAP in the age of AI #6 - vector embeddingsVector embeddings put to work in the incident management sample, answering whether this problem has been seen before. An embedding element of type Vector is calculated and stored from the vector_embedding function, so the database refreshes it whenever the text behind it changes, and cosine_similarity compares it with a freshly embedded string; because a title says little, a scheduled action first summarises each incident's conversation through a model on SAP AI Core and the embedding is taken from that summary. The similar-incidents list is a view joining incidents to themselves, with order and limit set in a before handler on the expanded query, and the vector element excluded from the service, since OData knows nothing about vectors — on SAP HANA Cloud the function is native, while SQLite needs packages added to the project.published 2026-10-09
CAP in the age of AI #7 - vector embeddings wrap-upCAP in the age of AI #7 - vector embeddings wrap-upThe same embeddings model taken from SQLite to SAP HANA Cloud, then handed to an agent. Locally it is @cap-js/ai that adds the vector functions SQLite lacks and downloads an all-MiniLM L6v2 ONNX model on first start; on HANA natural language processing has to be switched on, the model name is a mandatory argument, the vectors it returns are 768 dimensions, and dimensions must match on both sides of a comparison. HANA itself can be given SAP AI Core as a remote source for other embedding models, which a CDS.ql expression has to inject because the postfix notation only takes what the CDS model holds, and the hour ends with a search function over cosine similarity exposed over @cap-js/mcp, so an agent asked about low output from solar panels calls semantic search instead of writing the query itself.published 2026-10-16
CAP PostgreSql setup local debugging using Docker - Part 2CAP PostgreSql setup local debugging using Docker - Part 2PostgreSQL in a container so the local loop matches the deployed one — the thing SQLite quietly stops you doing. Short, and it assumes the project from part one already runs.ramonlee5, published 2023-11-22
CAP PostgreSql setup local debugging using Docker - Part 2
Database connectors has changed twice since this was published, most recently in @sap/cds 10.1.0, 2026-09-07. Affects A recipe.
CAP with PostgreSQL DB alternate to HANA Cloud DB - Part 1CAP with PostgreSQL DB alternate to HANA Cloud DB - Part 1Bootstrapping a CAP project on PostgreSQL, framed as a choice that depends on the client rather than on the technology. Short, and part two is where it gets debuggable.ramonlee5, published 2023-10-10
cds deploy to sqlite in-memory databasecds deploy to sqlite in-memory databaseTwo pages on what cds deploy --to sqlite does and what it prints. A reference note rather than an argument, and the shortest entry in this capability.AndrewBarnard, published 2021-04-25
Combining AI Agents with the power of SAP HANA embedded ML (part 1)Combining AI Agents with the power of SAP HANA embedded ML (part 1)Devtoberfest 2026 session DAT-12, the first of two parts, in which Vitaliy Rudnytskiy does a data scientist's work against the embedded machine learning of SAP HANA Cloud by talking to an agent. The session first takes an agent apart into its LLM, its tools, its memory and the loop between them, then stacks the Predictive Analysis Library under the hana-ml Python wrapper and that under the HANA AI toolkit, whose tools an agent calls from plain English in a notebook to preview a sales refunds table, split it into train and predict tables, run a time-series check and train an AutoML forecast, keeping what it decided in Markdown memory files. That is the agent tooling edge; the same toolkit is then started as an MCP server over stdio and over streamable HTTP and reached from a coding agent and from Joule Work's desktop, which is where the live demo partly fails and the failure is shown.published 2026-09-22
Configure an SAP CAP Application to Connect to an SAP HANA Cloud Database in Another Global Account or SubaccountConfigure an SAP CAP Application to Connect to an SAP HANA Cloud Database in Another Global Account or SubaccountThe case the tooling does not cover: the database is in a different global account, so there is no HDI container to bind and cds deploy cannot do its usual job. Written for exactly that, and it says so in the subtitle — without HDI.JhoelAnthonyRamosRomeroPE, published 2024-10-08
Connect SAP CAP (Node.js) to On-Premise/Private PostgreSQL using SAP Cloud ConnectorConnect SAP CAP (Node.js) to On-Premise/Private PostgreSQL using SAP Cloud ConnectorAn end-to-end route from a CAP Node.js application on Cloud Foundry to a PostgreSQL database that is never made publicly reachable, over BTP Connectivity and the Cloud Connector using a TCP destination and SOCKS5. The part worth having is that it covers the deployer as well as the server: the generated PostgreSQL deployer has to reach the same private database to deploy the CDS model, and a guide that only connects the runtime leaves you with a schema you cannot install.Kalaikovan, published 2026-08-07
Connect SAP CAP (Node.js) to On-Premise/Private PostgreSQL using SAP Cloud Connector
Database connectors changed in @sap/cds 10.1.0, 2026-09-07. Affects A recipe.
Create a Business Service using CDS, Node.js, SQLite and a OData serviceCreate a Business Service using CDS, Node.js, SQLite and a OData serviceThe stack at its smallest — CDS, Node, SQLite, an OData service — worked through at length. Nothing cloud in it, which is the point: it is the shape of a CAP service before any of the platform arrives.raybanton, published 2021-07-12
Create a Business Service using CDS, Node.js, SQLite and a OData service
Database connectors has changed twice since this was published, most recently in @sap/cds 10.1.0, 2026-09-07. Affects A recipe, Runnable code.
Create a CAP Application with SAP HANA Cloud from Scratch and Deploy to Cloud FoundryCreate a CAP Application with SAP HANA Cloud from Scratch and Deploy to Cloud FoundryThe whole lifecycle in one post rather than a series — model, service, HANA binding, build, deploy. Useful as a single reference for the order things have to happen in, which is the part that is easy to get wrong when it is spread over six posts.MaheshSirsat1708, published 2025-11-19
Create a CAP Application with SAP HANA Cloud from Scratch and Deploy to Cloud Foundry
Database connectors changed in @sap/cds 10.1.0, 2026-09-07. Affects A recipe.
Creating a Hybrid CAP (Node.js) Profile with PostgreSQL on BTP from Business Application StudioCreating a Hybrid CAP (Node.js) Profile with PostgreSQL on BTP from Business Application StudioHybrid testing is documented for HANA; this is the same profile against a PostgreSQL instance on BTP, driven from a BAS dev space rather than a laptop. Proposed under editor support because of where it runs, but the subject is the binding: what cds bind writes, and what has to be true of the service instance and the tunnel for a local process to reach it.valentincadart, published 2025-10-02
Creating a Hybrid CAP (Node.js) Profile with PostgreSQL on BTP from Business Application Studio
Database connectors changed in @sap/cds 10.1.0, 2026-09-07. Affects Runnable code.
Deploying CAP services with the in-memory SQLite databaseDeploying CAP services with the in-memory SQLite databaseIn-memory, deployed to Cloud Foundry — so the data is gone on restart, on purpose. For a service whose datastore does not need to survive anything, which is a narrower case than it sounds and a real one.liam_mischewski, published 2021-05-24
Distributed Resiliency of SAP CAP applications using SAP HANA Cloud (Multi-Zone Replication)Distributed Resiliency of SAP CAP applications using SAP HANA Cloud (Multi-Zone Replication)Resilience defined the way an operator would — failures happen in a complex landscape and should go unnoticed by the user — and then what multi-zone replication on HANA Cloud means for the CAP application in front of it.shanthakumar_krishnaswamy, published 2022-11-12
Extend SAP SuccessFactors on SAP BTP with CAP - Deploy to SAP HANA CloudExtend SAP SuccessFactors on SAP BTP with CAP - Deploy to SAP HANA CloudThe deployment instalment of the author's SuccessFactors extension series — the project already exists and the imported service is already modelled, so this is only the move onto HANA Cloud. Depends on the two posts before it and says so.ale_biagi, published 2022-03-29
First Java Cap ApplicationFirst Java Cap ApplicationA step-by-step walkthrough of a first CAP Java project: com.sap.cds:cds-services-archetype scaffolds the initial Maven project, and the domain model is then rewritten in the db folder with entities, the cuid and managed aspects, associations, compositions and a CodeList, so a hand-coded event handler serving a single entity gives way to a service that CAP's generic persistence handling serves without custom code. It deploys that model to SQLite for local development — cds deploy --to sqlite, then a Spring profile pointing at the generated database file — and ends by adding an index.cds so the model and service can be published as a reusable npm module.bruce_wang3, published 2020-12-08
Flexible analytics at speed: Calculation views in SAP Business Data CloudFlexible analytics at speed: Calculation views in SAP Business Data CloudCalculation views in SAP HANA Cloud, the reusable analytic modelling blocks built in its graphical modelling environment, with three newer parts the abstract names: AI-assisted modelling, refactoring, and advanced materialisation, and the way the views sit inside SAP Business Data Cloud. What a materialisation is chosen on, and what the AI assistance generates, is not stated. A TechEd 2026 session (Thursday 29 October, Berlin), presented by Hansika Colomboge Dona, Jan Zwickel, Niklas Siemer and Thomas Hammer, written here from SAP's abstract; the recording is not yet published.
Fullstack CAP Application with HANA Cloud (Decoupled Architecture) [Part-1]Fullstack CAP Application with HANA Cloud (Decoupled Architecture) [Part-1]The first of six, and it does the thing the later parts depend on: build the Incident Management application against SQLite on a laptop, with no cloud database in sight. The series is called decoupled because the front end and the back end are deployed separately, and this part is entirely the back end.sanjucs, published 2026-05-06
Fullstack CAP Application with HANA Cloud (Decoupled Architecture) [Part-1]
Database connectors changed in @sap/cds 10.1.0, 2026-09-07. Affects A recipe, Runnable code.
Fullstack CAP Application with HANA Cloud (Decoupled Architecture) [Part-3]Fullstack CAP Application with HANA Cloud (Decoupled Architecture) [Part-3]The cloud database appears: a HANA Cloud instance created on BTP and mapped to a Cloud Foundry space. No application code — this is the part where the platform has to be right before the next part can connect to it.sanjucs, published 2026-05-08
Fullstack CAP Application with HANA Cloud (Decoupled Architecture) [Part-4]Fullstack CAP Application with HANA Cloud (Decoupled Architecture) [Part-4]The switch from SQLite to HANA and the first deploy of the back end to Cloud Foundry — the point in the series where the persistence stops being a file and the build starts producing HDI artifacts.sanjucs, published 2026-05-12
Fullstack CAP Application with HANA Cloud (Decoupled Architecture) [Part-4]
Database connectors changed in @sap/cds 10.1.0, 2026-09-07. Affects A recipe.
Get hands on with tabular AI and forecasting models in SAP HANA CloudGet hands on with tabular AI and forecasting models in SAP HANA CloudPrediction and forecasting as predictive models inside SAP HANA Cloud, worked through hands-on: tabular AI models such as SAP-RPT-1 for on-the-fly predictions, time series foundation models for ad hoc forecasts, and the AutoML in the predictive analysis library. The abstract names the model kinds and the library and does not say how a model is called from SQL or from an application. A TechEd 2026 session (Wednesday 28 October, Berlin), presented by Christoph Morgen, Markus Fath, Ritty Joseph and Tanuja Jadhav, written here from SAP's abstract; the recording is not yet published.
Getting started with CAP on PostgreSQL (Node.js)Getting started with CAP on PostgreSQL (Node.js)Running CAP on PostgreSQL locally in 2020, when doing so meant the community packages cds-pg and cds-dbm. It now opens with a banner the author added later: @sap/cds 7.0.0 has native PostgreSQL support, use @cap-js/postgres instead, with a pointer to a step-by-step guide for it. Worth having for that banner as much as for the content — a post that tells you not to follow it is a dated fact about where the answer moved.published 2020-11-16
Getting started with CAP on PostgreSQL (Node.js)
cds-pg. Affects Runnable code.
How I migrated my on-prem xsa cds3+hana solution to cds6+sqliteHow I migrated my on-prem xsa cds3+hana solution to cds6+sqliteThree major CDS versions and a database swap in one move, done to get an old on-premise XSA application running somewhere cheap. The repository is linked, and the interest is in what broke between cds3 and cds6 rather than in the destination.alex_myakinkii, published 2022-08-07
How I migrated my on-prem xsa cds3+hana solution to cds6+sqlite
Database connectors has changed twice since this was published, most recently in @sap/cds 10.1.0, 2026-09-07. Affects Runnable code.
How to create an API to run a HANA Cloud Stored Procedure in Cloud FoundryHow to create an API to run a HANA Cloud Stored Procedure in Cloud FoundryReaching past CDS to the database's own machinery — built-in algorithms, SQLScript procedures and functions — and putting an API in front of them. Long, and it is the case where the model is not where the logic belongs.gonzalo_hernan_sendra, published 2022-12-08
How to create an API to run a HANA Cloud Stored Procedure in Cloud Foundry
Database connectors has changed twice since this was published, most recently in @sap/cds 10.1.0, 2026-09-07. Affects Runnable code.
How to share tables across different CAP projectsHow to share tables across different CAP projectsFour scenarios for reading one CAP project's table from another, worked out as a matrix of what each one needs: the same HDI container and namespace, the same container under a different namespace, a different container, and a different Cloud Foundry space. The mechanics change with each step — @cds.persistence.exists on the reused entity throughout, an .hdbsynonym once namespaces diverge, .hdbrole and .hdbgrants once containers do, and a user-provided service built from the grantor's credentials once spaces do. The author flags the caveat themselves: these are learning scenarios, and consuming the OData service is often the better answer than reaching into another project's database. Dated corrections from twelve days after publication sit inline — synonyms need only the name because the configuration comes from .hdbsynonymconfig, SERVICE_REPLACEMENTS in mta.yaml removes the hard-coded service name, and the reused container need not be bound to the srv module.published 2021-10-03
Knowledge graph and agent memory: Build an agent that remembersKnowledge graph and agent memory: Build an agent that remembersThe knowledge graph engine in SAP HANA Cloud as an agent's memory: what the engine, the graph side of graph, spatial and document data, does in an agentic workflow, how an agent keeps what it learns there, the state agent tooling holds between turns, and the SAP AI Core integration through which the database calls LLMs and tabular foundation models such as SAP-RPT-1. The abstract names the engine, the memory role and the AI Core link and does not say how the memory is written or read. DA205 on Tuesday 27 October is the 45-minute talk on the same engine, with a near-identical abstract and a different cast. A two-hour hands-on TechEd 2026 session (Wednesday 28 October, Berlin), presented by Christoph Morgen, Jan Zwickel, Markus Fath and Thomas Hammer, written here from SAP's abstract; the recording is not yet published.
Lets Deep dive into CAPM and HANA Cloud --> HANACapLets Deep dive into CAPM and HANA Cloud --> HANACapShort, and framed as what the author does day to day on BTP rather than as a tutorial: where CAPM meets HANA Cloud and which pieces have to agree.shivamshukla12, published 2023-07-16
Lets Deep dive into CAPM and HANA Cloud --> HANACap
Database connectors has changed twice since this was published, most recently in @sap/cds 10.1.0, 2026-09-07. Affects Runnable code.
Lets Talk to the Database - CAP & SQLite Powered by Google Gemini-2.5-ProLets Talk to the Database - CAP & SQLite Powered by Google Gemini-2.5-ProNatural language against a CAP service on SQLite, with a non-SAP model doing the translation. Written as a learning exercise rather than a pattern, and the choice of Gemini over anything in the AI hub is the interesting part of it.ShivamShuklaSAP, published 2025-04-16
Medallion Reference Architecture for Big Data Processing in SAP HANA CloudMedallion Reference Architecture for Big Data Processing in SAP HANA CloudSAP's medallion layout for SAP HANA Cloud: structured, semi-structured and unstructured data lands raw in HANA Cloud, data lake files as the bronze layer, is cleansed into a common structure in silver, held in data lake files or the HANA database, and is curated and read-optimised in gold, from where it can also be exposed as a Delta Share. The staged path from raw to consumable is the ground loading a warehouse covers, with Spark jobs and SAP Datasphere data flows named as ways to move data between layers and SAP Analytics Cloud among the consumers of gold. It leaves the ingestion method open, to be chosen by source, freshness and performance, and names no pipeline or schedule beyond that.published 2025-04-03
Modernize your database landscape with SAP HANA CloudModernize your database landscape with SAP HANA CloudWhy to move a database estate to SAP HANA Cloud, and the migration tools and services for doing so, which is the platform migration concern. SAP's abstract is one sentence and names none of the tools. A TechEd 2026 session (Thursday 29 October, Berlin), presented by Niklas Siemer and Roman Belosludtsev, written here from SAP's abstract; the recording is not yet published.
My Learnings in SAP-CAP Using MongoDBMy Learnings in SAP-CAP Using MongoDBCAP against a document database, which the supported list does not include — and the way it gets there is the point. The CDS model and the service definitions stay; the persistence is replaced by handlers calling the mongodb driver, with @sap/cds-odata-v2-adapter-proxy in front so a UI5 application can consume it. Learnings rather than a supported path, and the only MongoDB entry here.published 2021-01-11
My Learnings in SAP-CAP Using MongoDB
sap-cap-mongodb: no published releases, repository quiet for 69 months. Affects Runnable code.
Open Sourcing CAP – how to learn more or get involvedOpen Sourcing CAP – how to learn more or get involvedA roundup of CAP's open-sourcing, begun at TechEd the year before, pointing to a webinar recording, a podcast episode and reCAP 2023 talks for background. Among the components it names are a feature toggle library giving Node.js CAP apps live-updatable toggles backed by Redis, a new pluggable database layer with SQLite and PostgreSQL implementations plus a generic SQL layer, and a change tracking component that builds a change history for data from CDS models.Fempel, published 2023-10-02
Part 1: Creating and Deploying a SAP CAP Application with SAP HANA on SAP BTP (Cloud Foundry)Part 1: Creating and Deploying a SAP CAP Application with SAP HANA on SAP BTP (Cloud Foundry)Opens with the observation the whole series rests on — CAP is usually demonstrated locally, and the interesting part starts when it is deployed. Part one of the run that continues into PostgreSQL and Work Zone.yashbhosle789, published 2026-02-25
Part 1: Creating and Deploying a SAP CAP Application with SAP HANA on SAP BTP (Cloud Foundry)
Database connectors changed in @sap/cds 10.1.0, 2026-09-07. Affects A recipe.
Part 2: Creating and Deploying a CAP Application with PostgreSQL, Hyperscaler OptionPart 2: Creating and Deploying a CAP Application with PostgreSQL, Hyperscaler OptionThe middle of a series that runs from database to Work Zone: the CAP application from part one pointed at PostgreSQL on the hyperscaler option, and deployed. The service binding and the build are where it spends its time.yashbhosle789, published 2026-03-04
Part 2: Creating and Deploying a CAP Application with PostgreSQL, Hyperscaler Option
Database connectors changed in @sap/cds 10.1.0, 2026-09-07. Affects A recipe.
PostgreSQL persistence adapter for CAP (Node.js)PostgreSQL persistence adapter for CAP (Node.js)The contradiction the adapter was built to resolve, stated plainly in 2020: CAP's core is open, non-intrusive and platform-agnostic, which is what would let it run outside SAP's world — except that HANA was the only officially supported production persistence and HANA exists only inside BTP. cds-pg is the answer to that, and this is the post that argues for it. Read now as the front end of a story whose other end is the 2023 post recording cds-pg's deprecation in favour of @cap-js/postgres.published 2020-08-20
PostgreSQL persistence adapter for CAP (Node.js)
cds-pg is archived. @cap-js/postgres answers the same capability. Affects Runnable code.
Road map for SAP HANA Cloud: What’s next for the AI databaseRoad map for SAP HANA Cloud: What’s next for the AI databaseSAP's road map for SAP HANA Cloud, which the abstract places as a core component of SAP Business AI Platform within SAP Business Data Cloud. The abstract promises a firsthand look at what is next for the database and names no feature, release or date, so the two edges rest on the products it names and nothing more. A TechEd 2026 session (Wednesday 28 October, Berlin), presented by Niklas Siemer and Thomas Hammer, written here from SAP's abstract; the recording is not yet published.
Run and Deploy CAP with PostgreSQL on SAP BTP Cloud Foundry (Node.js)Run and Deploy CAP with PostgreSQL on SAP BTP Cloud Foundry (Node.js)The deployment half of the pair, two weeks after the local one, and superseded the same way: it carries the same banner directing readers to @cap-js/postgres and the official documentation. The two together are the community PostgreSQL path as it stood before the core absorbed it.published 2020-11-30
Run and Deploy CAP with PostgreSQL on SAP BTP Cloud Foundry (Node.js)
cds-dbm. Affects Runnable code.
Run and Deploy SAP CAP (Java) with PostgreSQL on SAP BTP Cloud FoundryRun and Deploy SAP CAP (Java) with PostgreSQL on SAP BTP Cloud FoundrySuperseded by its own author: the post now opens with a notice that @sap/cds 7.0.0 brought native PostgreSQL support and that @cap-js/postgres should be used instead of the packages described below. Kept because that notice is the record of when the community adapter stopped being the answer.shanthakumar_krishnaswamy, published 2023-04-04
Run and Deploy SAP CAP (Java) with PostgreSQL on SAP BTP Cloud Foundry
cds-pg. Affects Runnable code.
Run and Deploy SAP CAP (Java) with PostgreSQL using Official Database Adapter @cap-js/postgresRun and Deploy SAP CAP (Java) with PostgreSQL using Official Database Adapter @cap-js/postgresThe post that records a handover. The author's earlier writing relied on the community projects cds-pg and cds-dbm; this one states that both were deprecated in favour of the official PostgreSQL support arriving with @sap/cds 7, and rewrites the path around @cap-js/postgres. For CAP Java it takes a different route to the initial schema.sql than the Node.js case, and it is candid that automatic schema deployment is convenient but not always what you want. Dated evidence for why two artifacts here went quiet.shanthakumar_krishnaswamy, published 2023-08-02
Run and Deploy SAP CAP (Java) with PostgreSQL using Official Database Adapter @cap-js/postgres
cds 7, line ended. Affects A recipe, Runnable code.
Run and Deploy SAP CAP (Node.js or Java) with PostgreSQL on SAP BTP Cloud FoundryRun and Deploy SAP CAP (Node.js or Java) with PostgreSQL on SAP BTP Cloud FoundryBoth runtimes in one walkthrough, and it stops on schema evolution — which is the reason to read it rather than one of the several other PostgreSQL posts here, since that is where the PostgreSQL story diverges from HANA's and the deploy stops being automatic.TiaXu, published 2023-07-12
Run and Deploy SAP CAP (Node.js or Java) with PostgreSQL on SAP BTP Cloud Foundry
Database connectors has changed twice since this was published, most recently in @sap/cds 10.1.0, 2026-09-07. Affects A recipe, Runnable code.
SAP BDC in Business AI Platform: Contextualize and ReasonSAP BDC in Business AI Platform: Contextualize and ReasonA Devtoberfest 2026 session (DAT-31) that places SAP Business Data Cloud as the contextualise-and-reason pillar of the SAP Business AI Platform, between the build pillar of Joule Studio and Integration Suite and the govern pillar of AI Agent Hub. It covers data products described with open resource discovery and core schema notation metadata, a data product creation agent that assembles a derived data product for overdue billing documents from the billing document and customer products and shows its lineage and fields; the data products a line-of-business application brings being readable by Joule without a BDC subscription; and the SAP-managed knowledge graph that maps business entities and their relationships for agents, held as graph data in the SAP HANA Cloud knowledge graph engine as RDF triples queried with SPARQL. The closing demo has SAP Joule answer head-count and purchase-order questions, with the generated SQL passed through a data product query that adds the restriction policy defined for that user in cloud identity services, which is why the session stands for cataloguing and lineage as much as for the products it names.SAP Developers, published 2026-10-06
SAP BTP Showcase - Use SAP Cloud Application Programming to do Native Development on HANA CloudSAP BTP Showcase - Use SAP Cloud Application Programming to do Native Development on HANA CloudThe fifth of a seven-post showcase, and the one where CAP is used to reach HANA-native artifacts rather than to avoid them. Long, and it sits inside a series whose other parts are about Data Warehouse Cloud and CI/CD.former_member271284, published 2021-01-31
SAP BTP Showcase - Use SAP Cloud Application Programming to do Native Development on HANA Cloud
Database connectors has changed twice since this was published, most recently in @sap/cds 10.1.0, 2026-09-07. Affects A recipe, Runnable code.
SAP BTP Showcase – SAP Continuous Integration and Delivery (SAP CI&D) for SAP HANA CloudSAP BTP Showcase – SAP Continuous Integration and Delivery (SAP CI&D) for SAP HANA CloudA pipeline for the database half of a CAP application, built with cds add pipeline — one command that writes a Jenkinsfile and a .pipeline folder — and then the mta module that makes a database change deploy itself.gcalixtos, published 2021-01-27
SAP BTP Showcase – SAP Continuous Integration and Delivery (SAP CI&D) for SAP HANA Cloud
Database connectors has changed twice since this was published, most recently in @sap/cds 10.1.0, 2026-09-07. Affects Runnable code.
SAP Business Application Studio – Using SAP HANA Tools with SAP Cloud Application Programming Model projectsSAP Business Application Studio – Using SAP HANA Tools with SAP Cloud Application Programming Model projectsNative HDB artifacts inside a CAP project — the case where CDS is not enough and something has to be written as a database object. Most of the work is making the two build outputs agree: an HDB module path, a CDS build output directory, and a package.json for the module, before the artifact is added and deployed. Published under an account that has since been closed, so the byline reads Former Member.Former Member, published 2021-01-14
SAP Business Application Studio – Using SAP HANA Tools with SAP Cloud Application Programming Model projects
Database connectors has changed twice since this was published, most recently in @sap/cds 10.1.0, 2026-09-07. Affects A recipe, Runnable code.
SAP CAP (Java) with Amazon Aurora PostgreSQLSAP CAP (Java) with Amazon Aurora PostgreSQLPostgreSQL, but the hyperscaler's own managed global database rather than BTP's option — Aurora, from CAP Java. One of a pair published the same day, the other being Azure's equivalent.shanthakumar_krishnaswamy, published 2023-08-02
SAP CAP (Java) with Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL
Database connectors has changed twice since this was published, most recently in @sap/cds 10.1.0, 2026-09-07. Affects A recipe, Runnable code.
SAP CAP (Java) with Azure Cosmos DB for PostgreSQLSAP CAP (Java) with Azure Cosmos DB for PostgreSQLThe Azure half of the pair: Cosmos DB speaking PostgreSQL, used from CAP Java. Same shape as the Aurora post, and reading both is how you see what is actually portable between them.shanthakumar_krishnaswamy, published 2023-08-02
SAP CAP (Java) with Azure Cosmos DB for PostgreSQL
Database connectors has changed twice since this was published, most recently in @sap/cds 10.1.0, 2026-09-07. Affects A recipe, Runnable code.
SAP CAP Lessons Learned: Run a CAP app using SQLite on SAP BTP - Cloud FoundrySAP CAP Lessons Learned: Run a CAP app using SQLite on SAP BTP - Cloud FoundrySQLite past the point it is meant to go — deployed, not local. Written as a lesson learned rather than a recommendation, and it pairs with the author's own note that SQLite is single threaded.LucasMagriniRigo, published 2024-12-30
SAP CAP Lessons Learned: SQLite is single threaded, HANA is notSAP CAP Lessons Learned: SQLite is single threaded, HANA is notA page long, and one of the more useful pages here: the local database serialises what the deployed one runs in parallel, so concurrency bugs are invisible until they are not. Filed by the author as something the tutorials do not make clear.LucasMagriniRigo, published 2025-01-22
SAP CAP on HANA XSA: Scaling Industrial Data Applications Beyond the CloudSAP CAP on HANA XSA: Scaling Industrial Data Applications Beyond the CloudCAP on HANA 2.0 XSA rather than on BTP — on-premise, and chosen for throughput. Mass ingestion through native stored procedures, which is the point at which CDS stops being the right tool and the post says so.rgadirov, published 2026-03-09
SAP CAP on HANA XSA: Scaling Industrial Data Applications Beyond the Cloud
Database connectors changed in @sap/cds 10.1.0, 2026-09-07. Affects Runnable code.
SAP CAP With Prostgres Serice in BTPSAP CAP With Prostgres Serice in BTPA step-by-step walkthrough of a CAP bookshop project on @cap-js/postgres, provisioning PostgreSQL on SAP BTP, hyperscaler option's trial plan through mta.yaml, building the MTA archive and deploying it to Cloud Foundry by hand, then inspecting the deployed database with pgAdmin over an SSH tunnel. It updates an earlier post by Mike Zaschka on the same topic to the package CAP now ships by default, though the manual build-and-deploy sequence it shows predates cds up folding those steps into one command by a day.satya-dev, published 2025-03-30
SAP Cloud Application Programming Model（CAP）：概要およびデモ - Part 1SAP Cloud Application Programming Model（CAP）：概要およびデモ - Part 1Introduces SAP Cloud Application Programming Model as an open, opinionated framework that shoulders OData plumbing and database-specific code so a domain is modelled once in CDS, then builds a small bookshop project to show it: @sap/cds-dk's cds init scaffolds the project, cds watch serves it locally with live reload against an in-memory SQLite database, and a CatalogService projects a CDS domain model seeded from CSV files. The result is read as an OData service in the browser and exercised further through a Postman collection, with the optional @sap/vscode-cds extension noted for CDS syntax highlighting and completion in VS Code.rasai, published 2020-12-31
SAP HANA Cloud advisors and automationSAP HANA Cloud advisors and automationSAP HANA Cloud's advisors and the tasks they hand off: the elastic compute node, the partition, index and native storage extension advisors that produce recommendations for performance and efficiency, and SAP Automation Pilot as the service that runs the resulting tasks, which is operations automation on the database. The abstract lists the features and stops there, so what each advisor recommends and how a recommendation becomes an Automation Pilot command is not stated. A TechEd 2026 session (Tuesday 27 October, Berlin), presented by Hansika Colomboge Dona, Hui Li, Javier Martin and Roman Belosludtsev, written here from SAP's abstract; the recording is not yet published.
SAP HANA Cloud as a self-managed database: Advisors and automationSAP HANA Cloud as a self-managed database: Advisors and automationSAP HANA Cloud advisors generate recommendations for database administration, aimed at system performance and efficiency, and SAP Automation Pilot runs the manual and administrative tasks around the database as automated processes, which is the operations automation concern on the database side. SAP's abstract names the two services and claims reduced operational overhead; which advisors exist and which tasks the automation covers are not said. A TechEd 2026 session (Wednesday 28 October, Berlin), presented by Javier Martin and Roman Belosludtsev, written here from SAP's abstract; the recording is not yet published.
SAP HANA Cloud as an Esri GeodatabaseSAP HANA Cloud as an Esri GeodatabaseSAP's design for running an Esri ArcGIS Enterprise geodatabase inside SAP HANA Cloud, so that geometries and SAP business data sit in one database and are joined in a HANA calculation view, which is the spatial part of graph, spatial and document data. It traces three personas: an analyst in ArcGIS Pro building query layers over that view, a developer whose CAP application models spatial types such as ST_Point in CDS, and an analyst using a Fiori app on top of such an application. The deployment advice stops at placement: ArcGIS Server and HANA Cloud go in the same region and availability zone, because Esri's certified architectures allow under 5 milliseconds of network latency between them.published 2025-03-25
SAP HANA Cloud as the AI database for SAP Business Data CloudSAP HANA Cloud as the AI database for SAP Business Data CloudSAP HANA Cloud as the AI database at the centre of SAP Business Data Cloud: the strategy behind its AI-first direction, and a Carl Zeiss speaker on how it runs in production today. The abstract names the two products and the customer and no feature, workload or figure, so the edges rest on the products as its subject. A TechEd 2026 session (Thursday 29 October, Berlin), presented by Kush Kashyap and Thomas Hammer, written here from SAP's abstract; the recording is not yet published.
SAP HANA Cloud: The data foundation for contextualizing and reasoningSAP HANA Cloud: The data foundation for contextualizing and reasoningWhere SAP is taking SAP HANA Cloud, described in the abstract as the anchor of SAP's data strategy and a unified layer to store, contextualise and reason across a business, and what that means for a data platform decision. The abstract is a direction statement and names no feature, release or date, so the one edge rests on the product itself. A TechEd 2026 session (Tuesday 27 October, Berlin; also ST106V, virtual), presented by Matthew Zenus and Stefan Baeuerle, written here from SAP's abstract; the recording is not yet published.
SAP HANA Data Lake Files (HDLF) Basic FunctionalitiesSAP HANA Data Lake Files (HDLF) Basic FunctionalitiesA Devtoberfest 2026 data-track session on SAP HANA data lake files, the managed object store inside SAP HANA Cloud that is provisioned from HANA Cloud Central, priced per API call and per stored gigabyte, and reached with the same REST API whichever hyperscaler it runs on. Two product managers set up an instance with its IP allow list, client certificates and trusts, then upload, list, read and delete files over the WebHDFS REST API and the HDLFS command-line utility — the Object storage half — and cover file versions with snapshots, access policies per file, and chunked upload with a server-side merge. They then link the instance to a HANA database and query a CSV file as a virtual table: SQL on files now runs through a file adapter in the database, while the older path through the data lake relational engine is deprecated.SAP Developers
SFSFとHANA Cloudを使用するCAPのアプリケーション開発SFSFとHANA Cloudを使用するCAPのアプリケーション開発In Japanese. A hands-on taking data between SuccessFactors and HANA Cloud through a CAP application — the connection setup, the data and service models, then read and write logic, and a Cloud Foundry deploy. Long enough to carry its own table of contents.rasai, published 2022-12-14
SFSFとHANA Cloudを使用するCAPのアプリケーション開発
Database connectors has changed twice since this was published, most recently in @sap/cds 10.1.0, 2026-09-07. Affects A recipe, Runnable code.
Sharing SAP HANA Cloud instance to multiple subaccounts and creating HDI containersSharing SAP HANA Cloud instance to multiple subaccounts and creating HDI containersOne HANA Cloud instance, several subaccounts, an HDI container created from each — the arrangement that keeps a landscape from paying for a database per subaccount. Written against a CAP project, so the container mapping is shown from the side that has to consume it.published 2024-03-23
Sharing SAP HANA Cloud instance to multiple subaccounts and creating HDI containers
Database connectors has changed twice since this was published, most recently in @sap/cds 10.1.0, 2026-09-07. Affects Runnable code.
Simple steps to deploy your CAP project to HANA cloudSimple steps to deploy your CAP project to HANA cloudWritten from the far side of a failed deploy — the author says these are the troubleshooting steps that ended up working, not a designed procedure. Short, and honest about being a record rather than a recommendation.OmPrakashJha, published 2021-02-11
SQLite as database for a multi-target (/productive) CAP ApplicationSQLite as database for a multi-target (/productive) CAP ApplicationOpens with "Not recommended but possible", and then names the two cases where it is the right call anyway: a showcase, and a landscape with no HANA Cloud available. The caveat is the content.Christopher_Ketzler, published 2024-07-05
SQLite as database for a multi-target (/productive) CAP Application
Database connectors has changed twice since this was published, most recently in @sap/cds 10.1.0, 2026-09-07. Affects A recipe, Runnable code.
Stop guessing, start counting: How generative AI fixed an inventory messStop guessing, start counting: How generative AI fixed an inventory messAn inventory-counting application a business built on SAP Business AI Platform with SAP HANA Cloud and generative AI, to replace recount lists kept by gut feel across SAP ERP Central Component, SAP S/4HANA and Microsoft Excel; the talk promises the app, its architecture and what went wrong. The generative AI part is LLM integration from application code; the abstract names HANA Cloud and generative AI as the two building blocks and says nothing about how either is used. A TechEd 2026 session (Thursday 29 October, Berlin), presented by Ranjeet Kumar, written here from SAP's abstract; the recording is not yet published.
Talking to your database: The new data exploration tools in SAP HANA CloudTalking to your database: The new data exploration tools in SAP HANA CloudSAP HANA Cloud's new data exploration tools take a business question in plain language, find the right database objects and run the query, with no data model and no SQL written beforehand, shown live on a standard business data set. SAP's abstract says the session covers how the tools work, what they need and where they hit their limits, and states none of the three. A TechEd 2026 session (Thursday 29 October, Berlin), presented by Anna Hartmann, written here from SAP's abstract; the recording is not yet published.
Testing your CAP HANA Artifacts with jest – including multitenancy, hdbprocedure and hdbviewTesting your CAP HANA Artifacts with jest – including multitenancy, hdbprocedure and hdbviewcds.test covers the service; this covers what is underneath it, where the artifact is an hdbprocedure or an hdbview that CDS never sees. That means a real HDI container, so most of the post is about where to get one and how to give CAP access to it — the tests are the easy part once that is true.Tristan, published 2022-08-30
Testing your CAP HANA Artifacts with jest – including multitenancy, hdbprocedure and hdbview
Testing has changed 3 times since this was published, most recently in @cap-js/cds-test 1.0.0, 2026-04-23. Affects A recipe, Runnable code.
Unlock predictive and generative AI with your data in SAP HANA CloudUnlock predictive and generative AI with your data in SAP HANA CloudThe AI features SAP lists for SAP HANA Cloud: the function libraries for tabular prediction and forecasting, where predictive models run inside the database, the vector engine, the knowledge graph engine, which is graph, spatial and document data put to generative use, and SQL to LLM calls. The abstract names the engines and the use cases they are meant for and gives no detail of any one of them. A TechEd 2026 session (Tuesday 27 October, Berlin; also DA204V, virtual), presented by Christoph Morgen and Javier Martin, written here from SAP's abstract; the recording is not yet published.
Upload data from excel in CAP (Node.js)Upload data from excel in CAP (Node.js)Mass upload from a spreadsheet, both halves shown: an entity marked @cds.persistence.skip to receive the file, an INSERT built from the parsed rows, and a list report extended with the upload button that starts it.KM11, published 2022-11-21
Upload data from excel in CAP (Node.js)
Database connectors has changed twice since this was published, most recently in @sap/cds 10.1.0, 2026-09-07. Affects Runnable code.
Use SAP HANA as the Database for a CAP Java ApplicationUse SAP HANA as the Database for a CAP Java ApplicationMoving a CAP Java application off the development database onto HANA, which is the step where the persistence choice stops being invisible.SAP
Useful CAP CDS and Fiori Commands to Accelerate Development and DeploymentUseful CAP CDS and Fiori Commands to Accelerate Development and DeploymentA command-by-command walkthrough of @sap/cds-dk's cds add and fiori add generators: cds add xsuaa writes an XSUAA security configuration from the CDS model's authorization annotations, and cds add hana together with cds deploy --to hana switches persistence from the default SQLite database to SAP HANA Cloud. cds add mta and fiori add deploy-config, from @sap/generator-fiori, build the Cloud Foundry deployment descriptor together, adding a destination-service block and an xs-app.json that routes the Fiori app's calls through a named destination.TiaXu, published 2022-10-19
Using HANA Cloud’s "VECTOR_EMBEDDING" Function in CAPUsing HANA Cloud’s "VECTOR_EMBEDDING" Function in CAPEmbeddings generated inside the database rather than fetched from AI Core or an external model — a Q4 2024 HANA Cloud function, used from CAP. The shift it describes is where the embedding step lives, which changes what has to be deployed and what has to be called.published 2025-03-02
Using Postgresql Database in Cloud Application Programming modelUsing Postgresql Database in Cloud Application Programming modelA straight run through the official PostgreSQL guide with the steps spelled out, from initialising the server onward. Says as much itself — it follows the documentation rather than departing from it, which makes it the plainest of the PostgreSQL entries here.published 2024-05-14
Using Postgresql Database in Cloud Application Programming model
Database connectors has changed twice since this was published, most recently in @sap/cds 10.1.0, 2026-09-07. Affects A recipe, Runnable code.
Importing and exporting table dataCommunity only
cds-spreadsheetimporter-plugincds-spreadsheetimporter-pluginA CAP plugin that adds an ImporterService accepting an uploaded Excel file, parses it on the server and writes its rows into the CDS entity named in the URL.community org, cap
Spreadsheet upload into a CDS entity, parsed on the server
spreadsheetimporter/sample-full-btpspreadsheetimporter/sample-full-btpA CAP project with Risks and Mitigations, two Fiori elements apps and a Spreadsheet Upload button in the risks list report, packaged as an MTA for Cloud Foundry.community org, cap
CAP Risks and Mitigations project with a Spreadsheet Upload button
Create your first CAP pluginCreate your first CAP pluginA step-by-step guide to the cds-plugin.js extension point: scaffold a package, add an index.cds for shared model artifacts, and test it locally against a throwaway CAP project before publishing to npm, with a separate section on building the same plugin in TypeScript and compiling it with tsc. Points to the author's own cds-plugin-handlers and ui5-cap-serverside-rendering-plugin as worked examples.published 2024-12-09
Location servicesCommunity only
cap-js-geoloc-plugincap-js-geoloc-pluginA CAP plugin for geocoding, address correction and route calculation, driven by three annotations on the model, with the geocoder and router chosen in configuration from providers such as OSRM and Nominatim.independent, cap
Annotation-driven geocoding, address correction and routing for CAP
Nothing about it is readable from outside the package: there is no repository, no issue tracker, and the npm page carries no readme, so the README, the examples and the changelog can be read only from the tarball or a CDN mirror, and a bug has nowhere to be filed. Provider URLs are called from the plugin with API keys taken from environment variables in a .env file, so on BTP no call resolves through a destination and the keys live in the environment. The npm line stops at 1.0.1 on 3 November 2025; the changelog shipped inside that version is headed v2.1, so the version npm shows and the version the author counts are not the same.
Native SAP HANA artifactsSAP only
@sap/cds@sap/cdsThe CAP Node.js runtime, which compiles the CDS model, serves the services declared in it, answers generic requests before any handler runs, and loads every cds-plugin.sap official, cap
CAP Node.js runtime
@sap/cds-dk@sap/cds-dkThe command line client and development toolkit for CAP projects, with the commands cds build, cds deploy, cds watch and cds add among them.sap official, cap
Command line client and development toolkit for CAP
@sap/hdi-deploy@sap/hdi-deployThe Node.js deployer for SAP HANA Deployment Infrastructure: it writes a database module's design-time files into an HDI container as a delta, and it is what cds deploy runs for SAP HANA.sap official, cap
Node.js deployer for SAP HANA Deployment Infrastructure containers
cds-federation-synonymscds-federation-synonymsAn experimental CAP plugin for CAP-to-CAP data federation over SAP HANA synonyms, so one project reads another's tables without the rows being copied.sap official, cap
CAP-to-CAP data federation over SAP HANA synonyms
When your adoption policy excludes experimental dependencies: the [maintainer’s README](https://github.com/cap-js/cds-federation-synonyms#about-this-project) explicitly labels this plugin experimental.
SAP-samples/hana-developer-cli-tool-exampleSAP-samples/hana-developer-cli-tool-exampleA developer-centric command line for SAP HANA, built for local development outside SAP tooling and connecting to a local, cloud or remote HANA instance the same way.sap official, btp
Developer-centric command line for SAP HANA
cap-cross-containercap-cross-containerA sample of five CAP services reading each other's HANA tables across HDI containers, with the grantor service key turned into a user-provided service.independent, cap
CAP services reading each other's HANA tables across HDI containers
Neither the package manifest nor the repository tree declares a licence.
Connecting Two SAP CAP Projects Without Duplicating Your DataConnecting Two SAP CAP Projects Without Duplicating Your DataCross-container HDI synonyms, argued from the alternatives rather than presented as a recipe: copying the table, standing up an API, or hard-coding the values are the three things the author reports seeing teams do, and each is named as working but unclean. With synonyms in place the consuming project queries the owner's HANA tables through ordinary SQL and ordinary CAP service code, with no replication and nothing to drift between environments. Covers the same ground as Mio Yasutake's 2021 post from a different angle — that one enumerates four topologies, this one argues for one of them.Inderpreet, published 2026-07-08
How to share tables across different CAP projectsHow to share tables across different CAP projectsFour scenarios for reading one CAP project's table from another, worked out as a matrix of what each one needs: the same HDI container and namespace, the same container under a different namespace, a different container, and a different Cloud Foundry space. The mechanics change with each step — @cds.persistence.exists on the reused entity throughout, an .hdbsynonym once namespaces diverge, .hdbrole and .hdbgrants once containers do, and a user-provided service built from the grantor's credentials once spaces do. The author flags the caveat themselves: these are learning scenarios, and consuming the OData service is often the better answer than reaching into another project's database. Dated corrections from twelve days after publication sit inline — synonyms need only the name because the configuration comes from .hdbsynonymconfig, SERVICE_REPLACEMENTS in mta.yaml removes the hard-coded service name, and the reused container need not be bound to the srv module.published 2021-10-03
Schema evolutionSAP and community
@cap-js-community/common@cap-js-community/commonSix independent features for CAP services in one package: replication cache, migration check, rate limiting, a Redis client broker, a local HTML5 repository and a CDM builder.community org, cap
Six CAP features in one package, from replication cache to rate limits
It is a bundle, not a plugin with one job. Depending on it for one feature brings the rest.
@quadrio/cds-dbm@quadrio/cds-dbmA published fork of cds-dbm — deploy, load, diff and drop as CDS command-line tasks for relational databases the core does not natively support.independent, cap
Fork of cds-dbm with deploy, load, diff and drop tasks
Release and repository quiet for 39 months.
@sap/cds@sap/cdsThe CAP Node.js runtime, which compiles the CDS model, serves the services declared in it, answers generic requests before any handler runs, and loads every cds-plugin.sap official, cap
CAP Node.js runtime
@sap/cds-mtxs@sap/cds-mtxsMultitenancy, tenant provisioning and model extensibility for CAP.sap official, cap
Multitenancy, tenant provisioning and extensibility for CAP
@sap/hdi-deploy@sap/hdi-deployThe Node.js deployer for SAP HANA Deployment Infrastructure: it writes a database module's design-time files into an HDI container as a delta, and it is what cds deploy runs for SAP HANA.sap official, cap
Node.js deployer for SAP HANA Deployment Infrastructure containers
cds-dbmcds-dbmA delta deployment and migration tool for CAP on PostgreSQL that diffs the live schema against a reference schema with Liquibase and applies the change, never dropping tables by default.independent, cap
Delta deployment and migrations for CAP database adapters
Archived The declared repository is archived.
Functional boundary The repository is archived, so nothing here will move again. Fine to keep where it already runs; anything new should start from what the current cds deploy leaves open rather than from this.
Getting started with CAP on PostgreSQL (Node.js)Getting started with CAP on PostgreSQL (Node.js)Running CAP on PostgreSQL locally in 2020, when doing so meant the community packages cds-pg and cds-dbm. It now opens with a banner the author added later: @sap/cds 7.0.0 has native PostgreSQL support, use @cap-js/postgres instead, with a pointer to a step-by-step guide for it. Worth having for that banner as much as for the content — a post that tells you not to follow it is a dated fact about where the answer moved.published 2020-11-16
Getting started with CAP on PostgreSQL (Node.js)
cds-pg. Affects Runnable code.
HANA Database Migration: Handling Incompatible Changes to Existing TablesHANA Database Migration: Handling Incompatible Changes to Existing TablesThe question schema evolution exists for, asked plainly: how do you restructure a table in a production system that already holds live data. Incompatible changes are the ones CAP's own alter path will not make, which is where this starts.Sekar Somasundaram, published 2025-04-16
How I migrated my on-prem xsa cds3+hana solution to cds6+sqliteHow I migrated my on-prem xsa cds3+hana solution to cds6+sqliteThree major CDS versions and a database swap in one move, done to get an old on-premise XSA application running somewhere cheap. The repository is linked, and the interest is in what broke between cds3 and cds6 rather than in the destination.alex_myakinkii, published 2022-08-07
How I migrated my on-prem xsa cds3+hana solution to cds6+sqlite
Database connectors has changed twice since this was published, most recently in @sap/cds 10.1.0, 2026-09-07. Affects Runnable code.
Run and Deploy CAP with PostgreSQL on SAP BTP Cloud Foundry (Node.js)Run and Deploy CAP with PostgreSQL on SAP BTP Cloud Foundry (Node.js)The deployment half of the pair, two weeks after the local one, and superseded the same way: it carries the same banner directing readers to @cap-js/postgres and the official documentation. The two together are the community PostgreSQL path as it stood before the core absorbed it.published 2020-11-30
Run and Deploy CAP with PostgreSQL on SAP BTP Cloud Foundry (Node.js)
cds-dbm. Affects Runnable code.
Run and Deploy SAP CAP (Java) with PostgreSQL using Official Database Adapter @cap-js/postgresRun and Deploy SAP CAP (Java) with PostgreSQL using Official Database Adapter @cap-js/postgresThe post that records a handover. The author's earlier writing relied on the community projects cds-pg and cds-dbm; this one states that both were deprecated in favour of the official PostgreSQL support arriving with @sap/cds 7, and rewrites the path around @cap-js/postgres. For CAP Java it takes a different route to the initial schema.sql than the Node.js case, and it is candid that automatic schema deployment is convenient but not always what you want. Dated evidence for why two artifacts here went quiet.shanthakumar_krishnaswamy, published 2023-08-02
Run and Deploy SAP CAP (Java) with PostgreSQL using Official Database Adapter @cap-js/postgres
cds 7, line ended. Affects A recipe, Runnable code.
Run and Deploy SAP CAP (Node.js or Java) with PostgreSQL on SAP BTP Cloud FoundryRun and Deploy SAP CAP (Node.js or Java) with PostgreSQL on SAP BTP Cloud FoundryBoth runtimes in one walkthrough, and it stops on schema evolution — which is the reason to read it rather than one of the several other PostgreSQL posts here, since that is where the PostgreSQL story diverges from HANA's and the deploy stops being automatic.TiaXu, published 2023-07-12
Run and Deploy SAP CAP (Node.js or Java) with PostgreSQL on SAP BTP Cloud Foundry
Database connectors has changed twice since this was published, most recently in @sap/cds 10.1.0, 2026-09-07. Affects A recipe, Runnable code.
SAP CAP Recent Enhancements the HANA Dev Should Know AboutSAP CAP Recent Enhancements the HANA Dev Should Know AboutThomas Jung walks through CAP features for HANA database developers that landed through late 2021: doc comments in the data model (CDL comments propagated into generated database objects via the package.json cdsc.docs compiler option), and schema evolution reaching general availability in the November 2021 release, using the @cds.persistence.journal annotation and cds.hana.journal settings to generate incremental hdbmigrationtable migration scripts instead of dropping and recreating tables. It also walks through two features outside those two: window functions in view column definitions, added in the December 2021 release, and a beta assert_integrity setting that generates database foreign-key constraints from 1:1 associations and compositions.published 2022-02-15
SAP Developer New, July 3rd 2026SAP Developer New, July 3rd 2026A "Did You Know" segment in this SAP Developer News video walks through schema evolution: CAP's ability to add a new field to an entity, or make a compatible change to an existing one, then redeploy the model with no data loss or manual migration. The rest of the July 2026 episode covers that month's Developer Challenge, a SAP HANA Cloud Q2 release announcement and a UI5 survey call, none explained in substance here.published 2026-07-02
SearchSAP and community
@kamlendra/search-vocab@kamlendra/search-vocabA CDS annotation vocabulary for entity search — @search.entity.group, @search.autocomplete and friends — with a schema-discovery service exposing getEntities and getSchema.independent, cap
CDS annotation vocabulary for entity search with schema discovery
The metadata is inconsistent: the declared repository is github.com/acme/search-vocab and the README installs @acme/search-vocab, neither of which matches the published name. One release, November 2025.
@sap/cds@sap/cdsThe CAP Node.js runtime, which compiles the CDS model, serves the services declared in it, answers generic requests before any handler runs, and loads every cds-plugin.sap official, cap
CAP Node.js runtime
com.sap.cds:cds-services-bomcom.sap.cds:cds-services-bomThe Maven bill of materials for CAP Java, pinning every com.sap.cds module in a release, from the API and core runtime to the Spring Boot starters and the CQN engine, to the same version.sap official, cap
Maven bill of materials pinning CAP Java module versions
Building an SAP BTP Agent Architecture from Scratch: Python + CAP + HANABuilding an SAP BTP Agent Architecture from Scratch: Python + CAP + HANAA first-person build log of a Flask orchestrator on Cloud Foundry that reduces a question to keywords, searches a Node.js service's Documents entity, and passes what it finds to Claude for a grounded answer. Getting there means learning that HANA's fuzzy .search() matches one word but not a full sentence, fixed by splitting the query into terms and merging the per-term hits, and that provisioning SAP HANA Cloud hits a database-level free-tier quota rather than an HDI-container one, with a stopped instance needing to be resumed first. It also covers @sap/cds-dk needing to sit in dependencies rather than devDependencies, since Cloud Foundry's buildpack skips the latter, before cds deploy --to hana can run as part of the push.neilaspin, published 2026-07-28
Case-insensitive filters in Fiori Elements (List report + CAP)Case-insensitive filters in Fiori Elements (List report + CAP)A blocker rather than a feature: filters on a List Report are case-sensitive, the business wanted them not to be, and the CAP backend is where it gets fixed. Node and Java both.Kishannaicker, published 2022-04-26
Improved Search Performance in SAP BTP Core, SAP Cloud Application Programming Model, Node.js RuntimeImproved Search Performance in SAP BTP Core, SAP Cloud Application Programming Model, Node.js RuntimeExplains CDS version 5's @cds.search annotation, which lets a service declare which elements a search query covers, and states that only String-typed elements are searched by default so the generated SQL stays simple. Covers two further changes to @sap/cds's Node.js runtime: metadata about which elements are searchable is now cached, and search over localized text can resolve at query time instead of through a compiled view, avoiding a coalesce function that blocks filter push-down on SAP HANA. Also describes an experimental toggle, cds.env.features.optimized_search, that lets the runtime choose the CONTAINS predicate over LIKE for large data sets.published 2021-08-18
Understanding Fuzzy Search in SAP Fiori ApplicationsUnderstanding Fuzzy Search in SAP Fiori ApplicationsExplains SAP HANA Enterprise Search's fuzzy, relevance-ranked matching behind Fiori's global search bar, its exact-match Search Query Syntax operators, and how a CAP CDS project on @sap/cds tunes the gap between them with @cds.search and @Search.fuzzinessThreshold, shown on a Contracts entity's contractNumber field. Raising the threshold to 0.95 narrows that field to near-exact matches for structured identifiers such as contract numbers, while an unset field keeps HANA's default (~80%) fuzziness for broader free-text discovery.Ruchi5, published 2026-07-27
Soft deleteCommunity only
cds-feature-softdeletecds-feature-softdeleteThe CAP Java counterpart to cds-softdelete-plugin: the same softdelete aspect, the same annotation, DELETE rewritten as a flag.independent, cap
CAP Java plugin for soft delete with a softdelete aspect
No license Neither the package manifest nor the repository tree declares a licence.
Functional boundary The Maven coordinate its README gives, io.github.miyasuta:cds-feature-softdelete:1.0.0, does not resolve on Maven Central as of 2026-09-07 — you build and install it from source.
cds-softdelete-plugincds-softdelete-pluginA CAP plugin that turns DELETE into a flag on the record: annotated entities keep the row, record who deleted it and when, flag composition children with it, and drop out of reads.independent, cap
CAP plugin turning DELETE into a flag on annotated entities
It changes what DELETE means for every client of the annotated projection, so anything that must actually remove a row — an erasure request, a retention job — has to go around it.
Temporal dataSAP only
@sap/cds@sap/cdsThe CAP Node.js runtime, which compiles the CDS model, serves the services declared in it, answers generic requests before any handler runs, and loads every cds-plugin.sap official, cap
CAP Node.js runtime
My CAP Projects ToolboxMy CAP Projects ToolboxA working inventory of daily CAP tooling: scaffolding a project with cds init and growing it facet by facet through cds add (TypeScript, seed data, an .http test file, a handler stub), then running it with cds watch and setting a breakpoint in a custom handler from SAP Business Application Studio's JavaScript Debug Terminal. It also walks through an @open entity that accepts properties the model never declared, and reading temporal data defined with CAP's temporal aspect, where a plain read returns only what is valid now and a custom handler is needed to retrieve every time slice.vvdries, published 2024-12-23