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Analyze and optimize ABAP Cloud model apps built on core data services
Performance anti-patterns in data models built with ABAP CDSABAP CDSThe modelling layer of ABAP Cloud — view entities, projections and annotations defined above database tables, delivered with the platform rather than installed.sap official, abap under ABAP Cloud applications, and the tools that find them: the abstract names ABAP cross trace, the SQL analyzer (PlanViz) in Visual Studio Code and the SAP HANASAP HANASAP’s relational database platform, which stores application data and executes SQL and SQLScript in the database, available on-premise and as the managed service SAP HANA Cloud.sap official, btp database explorer as what the session uses to follow a bottleneck from the application to the database. The anti-patterns are taken from real business applications, which is where the data modellingData modellingDefining the shape of data before anything serves it: entities and their types, how they relate, and the projections and views that services and applications consume.SAP and community, unassessed edge holds; which ones are shown is not in the abstract. A TechEd 2026 session (Tuesday 27 October, Berlin), presented by Ingo Braeuninger, Robert Werlich, Steffen Siegmund and Thomas Fiedler, written here from SAP's abstract; the recording is not yet published.
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ABAP CDSABAPABAP CDSThe modelling layer of ABAP Cloud — view entities, projections and annotations defined above database tables, delivered with the platform rather than installed.SAP HANACAPABAPBTPSAP HANASAP’s relational database platform, which stores application data and executes SQL and SQLScript in the database, available on-premise and as the managed service [SAP HANA Cloud](artifact:btp-hana-cloud).Data modellingCAPABAPData modellingDefining the shape of data before anything serves it: entities and their types, how they relate, and the projections and views that services and applications consume.
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CDS Associations & JoinsCDS Associations & JoinsA Devtoberfest 2026 session from SAP's performance and scalability team on what an ABAP CDS association becomes on SAP HANA, taken as an excerpt from their internal performance training. The CDS edge rests on the three ways an association is used: a path expression and an explicit join both put a left outer join into the generated view, while exposing the association leaves the view without one and adds the join only for a query that asks for its fields, which the session calls join on demand. The data modelling edge is the advice that follows and the demo under it — cardinality written as precisely as the data allows, because the optimiser trusts it, shown with a view whose missing cardinality let SELECT COUNT(*) prune the join and return 18 rows where selecting the columns returned 56, plus the left-hand, right-hand and left-outer-to-inner rewrites that correct cardinalities make possible.SAP Developers, published 2026-10-12
Developing authorizations for business users in SAP Business AI Platform, ABAP environmentDeveloping authorizations for business users in SAP Business AI Platform, ABAP environmentA Devtoberfest 2026 session that walks the places an authorization check has to be written when a RAP business object is implemented, which is the whole of the authorization edge: read restrictions as DCL access controls that become a filter at query time, a child entity inheriting its parent's conditions through an association, the projection layer inheriting rather than changing them, and the same check repeated on the draft side. The ABAP CDS edge holds on that draft half — until 2608 a draft query view was needed above the draft table so a DCL had something to attach to, while a draft table entity is already on CDS level and takes the DCL directly, as long as the associations used in the inherited conditions are redefined on it. Create, update and delete are then taken handler by handler, including the trap that instance authorization reads the buffer and so cannot see the new value a pre-check would reject, and the session closes on in local mode and privileged EML calls.published 2026-10-12
Updates on Embedded Analytics in ABAP Cloud for DevelopersUpdates on Embedded Analytics in ABAP Cloud for DevelopersA Devtoberfest 2026 session (ABA-33) on the generator wizards for Embedded Analytics in ABAP Cloud, run by right-clicking a data definition in the ADT Project Explorer. It first names the artefacts a star schema needs, all of them ABAP CDS — cube view at its centre, dimension, text and hierarchy views reached by association, a hierarchy directory, and an InA service definition and binding — and then generates them: the star schema generator reads a view entity's metadata, sorts its fields into dimensions and measures, asks about the ones it cannot decide, offers the dimension views it found and writes an activated cube view; the hierarchy generator produces directory, node, base and definition views plus a maintenance business object with a generated app, which is used to group airlines into alliances before the hierarchy is switched on in the layout of the multi-dimensional analysis app. That is analytic modelling on the ABAP platform, which is what the edges rest on; the outlook names time-dependent hierarchies, translatable texts and dimensions generated from database tables.published 2026-10-05
Bridging Python and SAP HANA: Inside the sqlalchemy-hana Open-Source DialectBridging Python and SAP HANA: Inside the sqlalchemy-hana Open-Source DialectA Devtoberfest 2026 data-track session (DAT-21) in which one of the maintainers of sqlalchemy-hana, the open-source SQLAlchemy dialect published in SAP's GitHub organisation, opens up what sits between Python and SAP HANA. It walks the five dialect classes that render statements, types, DDL, identifiers and sequences, and the HANA specifics they absorb: the FROM DUMMY a bare SELECT needs, a limit injected when only an offset is given, string compiled to NVARCHAR, and quoted case-sensitive identifiers against Python's lowercase. The rest covers schema migrations with Alembic on HANA's transactional DDL, the recently added async support and vector types, and that HANA Cloud and HANA 2 are supported while HANA 1 is not.SAP Developers, published 2026-09-29
052: 10 Minutes from Start to Launchpad052: 10 Minutes from Start to LaunchpadWalks a RAP application from a root CDS view entity through a consumption projection and its associations to a metadata extension: a facet per field group, a hidden field via UI.hidden, and a selection field on the ABAP package, all in a Customer-layer DDLX source read by the generated Fiori elements app. It then covers the parts ABAP CDS modelling and annotation stop short of — service definition and binding, generating the UI in Business Application Studio, and wiring the deployed app into the Fiori Launchpad through an IAM App and business catalog.Björn S., published 2026-09-07
Beyond READ_TEXT: Decoding SAPscript Long Texts (STXL) with SQLScript in CDS/AMDPBeyond READ_TEXT: Decoding SAPscript Long Texts (STXL) with SQLScript in CDS/AMDPSTXL stores a SAPscript long text as a compressed ABAP cluster container — LZ77 plus canonical Huffman — so the only official reads are READ_TEXT, one call per text, and its mass variant READ_TEXT_TABLE, both of which ship every decompressed line to the application server and stay invisible to ABAP CDS. The author reverse-engineered that on-disk format and ported the decoder into SQLScript, wrapped in an AMDP procedure and exposed through CDS table functions, turning long texts into a joinable, filterable column read directly in the database. On ABAP 7.56 a table function needs the driver-and-filter pattern shown because a parameter cannot bind to a calling column; on ABAP 7.58/S/4HANA 2023 the same result becomes a parameter-less CDS scalar function with true filter push-down.aamelin1, published 2026-08-20
From SEGW to @OData.publish: Expose Your CDS View as OData in S/4HANAFrom SEGW to @OData.publish: Expose Your CDS View as OData in S/4HANAWalks through exposing an ABAP CDS view as an OData service in an on-premise S/4HANA system by adding the @OData.publish: true annotation, then registering and activating the generated service in SAP Gateway (transaction /IWFND/MAINT_SERVICE) before testing it with $filter, $top and $count. It sets this against the manual route through transaction SEGW, since the annotation generates the service, its navigation properties and its OData properties straight from the CDS view without a Service Builder project.rupalipunekar1234, published 2026-07-09
Deep Insert in SAP CAPM Using Composition and Fiori ElementsDeep Insert in SAP CAPM Using Composition and Fiori ElementsParent and children created in one transaction, which composition already gives you in the model — the post is about what Fiori elements does with it, and what the payload looks like when the UI sends both at once.published 2026-05-22
Calculating IBP Technical Week "Key Figure Date" in S/4HANA Using CDS ViewCalculating IBP Technical Week "Key Figure Date" in S/4HANA Using CDS ViewA custom ABAP CDS view entity, selecting from the standard I_CalendarDate view, to derive the first date of an SAP IBP "technical week" — the split IBP applies when a calendar week crosses a month boundary, a date S/4HANA does not expose natively. The calculated field is built with a case/when expression over dats_add_days, giving any calendar date's technical-week key figure date.bharatbajaj, published 2026-02-18
Building an Enterprise Application Using Fiori Elements and CAP - Part 1Building an Enterprise Application Using Fiori Elements and CAP - Part 1Part one of three, and it is all backend: the CAP service the UI will sit on. The author states the constraint the series works under — simple enough for someone new to the stack, without departing from the standard project layout.Farooq, published 2025-12-10
Create CDS Views and expose through OData service in CAPMCreate CDS Views and expose through OData service in CAPMViews defined in CDS and then exposed, which is the whole of what a small CAP service is. Written step by step from cds init onward in Business Application Studio.VenkateshMundru, published 2025-08-11
A CAP Plugin for Flexible Number Range Management: cds-numberrange-pluginA CAP Plugin for Flexible Number Range Management: cds-numberrange-pluginThe author's own plugin, and the reason given for writing it is about plugins rather than about number ranges: a year of using them convinced them that this was the way to extend CAP without leaving marks on the application. Sequential document numbers are the thing it does; keeping the host project clean is the thing it argues for.abdulbasit, published 2025-06-17
Understanding Projections in CAPM: Select Only What You Need!Understanding Projections in CAPM: Select Only What You Need!One concept, explained by someone who had just learned it and says so — what a projection is, why it matters, and an analogy. The register is unusual here and suits the subject: projections are the first thing that makes CDS feel different from a table.Avisek_, published 2025-06-10
Generating Adobe Form Using RAP framework OData ServicesGenerating Adobe Form Using RAP framework OData ServicesModels a RAP root view entity and consumption view over a custom sales-order table, built with ABAP CDS, and exposes it through a service definition and an OData V2 UI service binding. A separate SEGW project implements GET_STREAM to call an Adobe Form driver class and stream the rendered PDF back as the response, with a computed link field added to the CDS view so the UI can open it. The PDF is generated in the backend and returned to the calling program rather than sent straight to a printer.Megastar, published 2025-03-18
CAP, CDS, CDL, CSN and jq - finding associationsCAP, CDS, CDL, CSN and jq - finding associationsHow associations are actually represented once CDL is compiled into CSN, worked out by parsing the machine-readable form with jq. Useful less as a recipe than as a way in: anything that wants to reason about a CDS model without the compiler has to read CSN, and this is what that looks like from the outside.published 2024-04-16
SAP CAP(Cloud Application Programming)开发框架概述SAP CAP(Cloud Application Programming)开发框架概述A Chinese-language walkthrough of CAP built mainly from CAPire's own "About CAP" page: CDS entities, associations, compositions and aspects for data modelling, with an extend Books with @restrict: [{ grant:'WRITE', to:'admin' }] aspect as its authorization example; CQL and CQN queries shown against both a local service and OData's $select/$expand; and the service-and-event model — this.on, this.emit, srv.on — that carries CAP's async processing. It closes with the author's own setup: installing @sap/cds-dk, scaffolding a bookshop project with cds init, and running it with cds watch against local SQLite, mocked authentication and file-based messaging standing in for HANA Cloud, IAS and Kafka.ArthurYang, published 2024-01-07
#CAP-TechBytes Input Validation#CAP-TechBytes Input ValidationThe annotations one at a time — @mandatory, @assert.unique, @assert.range including the enum form, @assert.format — each with what it produces. Ends on error handling, which is the part that decides whether any of it is usable from a UI.Thajunniza, published 2023-07-07
SAP CAP Recent Enhancements the HANA Dev Should Know AboutSAP CAP Recent Enhancements the HANA Dev Should Know AboutThomas Jung walks through CAP features for HANA database developers that landed through late 2021: doc comments in the data model (CDL comments propagated into generated database objects via the package.json cdsc.docs compiler option), and schema evolution reaching general availability in the November 2021 release, using the @cds.persistence.journal annotation and cds.hana.journal settings to generate incremental hdbmigrationtable migration scripts instead of dropping and recreating tables. It also walks through two features outside those two: window functions in view column definitions, added in the December 2021 release, and a beta assert_integrity setting that generates database foreign-key constraints from 1:1 associations and compositions.published 2022-02-15
SAP CAP Adapter to expose OData as custom REST ServiceSAP CAP Adapter to expose OData as custom REST ServiceWalks through consuming an external OData V2 service in a CAP project — cds import converts the Northwind service's EDMX into a CSN and cds.connect.to wires up the remote proxy — then re-exposing it as plain REST with the @protocol:'rest' annotation instead of OData's own envelope. Shows two ways to reshape the response, renaming and dropping fields in a CDS projection or rewriting the returned objects in a custom service handler, and remaps ?pageSize and ?offset onto OData's $top and $skip in that same handler.Former Member, published 2021-09-15
Creating structured types, enums and named aspects using the CDS Graphical ModelerCreating structured types, enums and named aspects using the CDS Graphical ModelerThe modelling constructs that are awkward to draw — structured types, enums, named aspects — done in the graphical modeller rather than in CDL.Xiao-fei_Song, published 2021-05-26
Importing @sap/cds common.cds to your CAP project using the CDS Graphical ModelerImporting @sap/cds common.cds to your CAP project using the CDS Graphical ModelerPulling the common aspects and code lists from @sap/cds into a model through the modeller, so the reuse types appear in the diagram rather than only in the file.Xiao-fei_Song, published 2021-05-06
First Java Cap ApplicationFirst Java Cap ApplicationA step-by-step walkthrough of a first CAP Java project: com.sap.cds:cds-services-archetype scaffolds the initial Maven project, and the domain model is then rewritten in the db folder with entities, the cuid and managed aspects, associations, compositions and a CodeList, so a hand-coded event handler serving a single entity gives way to a service that CAP's generic persistence handling serves without custom code. It deploys that model to SQLite for local development — cds deploy --to sqlite, then a Spring profile pointing at the generated database file — and ends by adding an index.cds so the model and service can be published as a reusable npm module.bruce_wang3, published 2020-12-08
Computed field example in CAPComputed field example in CAPAn answer to a Community question — how to count the entities on the far side of an association — written up as a short post rather than left in a thread. The answer combines CDS with Node.js service events, which is the seam worth noticing: some of what looks like modelling is expressed in the model and some has to be computed when the request arrives, and the boundary between them is not obvious from either side.published 2019-08-21
Computed field example in CAP
Data modelling has changed 3 times since this was published, most recently in @sap/cds 9.9.0, 2026-04-23. Affects A recipe, Runnable code.
SAP Cloud Platform Backend service: Tutorial [11]: CDS : magic: key: generationSAP Cloud Platform Backend service: Tutorial [11]: CDS : magic: key: generationExplains CDS's UUID key type: giving a key property UUID gets its value generated automatically instead of a hand-picked unused number, as data modelling lets an element's type do, at the cost of a 36-character value unfit for a user-facing display. It then works out how that generated value is addressed in a single-entity read URL — bare brackets in OData V4 against the guid'...' literal V2 requires — citing the OData specification for the difference.CarlosRoggan, published 2019-03-15
Develop a full stack Business application with SAP Cloud Application Programming ModelDevelop a full stack Business application with SAP Cloud Application Programming ModelBuilds a full-stack CAP application in SAP Web IDE Full Stack's now-retired 'SAP Cloud Platform Business Application' template: a data-model.cds entity with its own service definition, then Fiori annotations on the generated OData. Building the project compiles that model into Catalog.xml and csn.json, the EDMX and CSN that metadata publishing says every exposed service gets. The entity and service definitions it writes by hand are the basic shape data modelling covers, though the webIDE and MTA tooling staged around them is gone.former_member584731, published 2018-11-29
Learn how to define constraints declaratively in your CDS modelLearn how to define constraints declaratively in your CDS modelConstraints expressed in the model rather than checked in a handler — the distinction the atlas draws between input validation the framework enforces and validation somebody writes.SAP
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