Schema evolution

Getting a model change into a database that already holds data, in every tenant, without losing any of it. Generating the initial schema and migrating one that already holds data are often treated as the same step.

Overview

SAP SHIPSby design
Node.js →

@sap/cds Runs cds deploy, deriving and applying the delta for the model changes a compiler can work out on its own.

@sap/hdi-deploy The Node.js deployer for SAP HANA Deployment Infrastructure: it writes a database module's design-time files into an HDI container as a delta, and it is what cds deploy runs for SAP HANA.

Not covered: It stops at changes the compiler can derive. Anything destructive or reshaping — splitting a column, changing a key — needs a migration you write and sequence yourself.

Built into @sap/cds
SourceSchema Evolutionchecked
THE COMMUNITY ADDS

Community tools diff a live schema against a reference and apply the change, as cds-dbm does on PostgreSQL with Liquibase, and its fork cds-dbm does for databases the core does not natively support. @cap-js-community/common checks a model change for incompatibility before it is deployed. For SAP HANA, the delta is applied by @sap/hdi-deploy, the deployer cds deploy runs.

Artifacts6

6 of 6 artifacts
ArtifactSignals
Build tools1
cds-dbmDelta deployment and migrations for CAP database adapters
Signals
Archived+1
CLI tools1
@quadrio/cds-dbmFork of cds-dbm with deploy, load, diff and drop tasks
Signals
Quiet
Packages4
@cap-js-community/commonSix CAP features in one package, from replication cache to rate limits
Signals
Functional boundary
@sap/cdsCAP Node.js runtime
Signals
none
@sap/cds-mtxsMultitenancy, tenant provisioning and extensibility for CAP
Signals
none
@sap/hdi-deployNode.js deployer for SAP HANA Deployment Infrastructure containers
Signals
none

Content5

Group by
Piece, what it offers
SAP Developer New, July 3rd 2026
SAP Community, Thomas Jung, Video
HANA Database Migration: Handling Incompatible Changes to Existing Tables
SAP Community, Sekar Somasundaram, BlogThe reasoningA recipe
Run and Deploy SAP CAP (Node.js or Java) with PostgreSQL on SAP BTP Cloud Foundry
SAP Community, TiaXu, BlogThe reasoningA recipeRunnable code
Core changed
Show 2 more
How I migrated my on-prem xsa cds3+hana solution to cds6+sqlite
SAP Community, alex_myakinkii, BlogThe reasoningRunnable code
Core changed
SAP CAP Recent Enhancements the HANA Dev Should Know About
SAP Community, Thomas Jung, Blog

Details

Coverage
statecore and community, CAP
assessed
relationshipnarrow by design
SourceSchema Evolutionchecked
For your agent
Ref
capability:schema-evolution
JSON
/capabilities/schema-evolution.json
MCP
Connecting an agent