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Everything in CAP
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Data federationSAP and community
@cap-js-community/common@cap-js-community/commonSix independent features for CAP services in one package: replication cache, migration check, rate limiting, a Redis client broker, a local HTML5 repository and a CDM builder.community org, cap
Six CAP features in one package, from replication cache to rate limits
It is a bundle, not a plugin with one job. Depending on it for one feature brings the rest.
@sap/cds@sap/cdsThe CAP Node.js runtime, which compiles the CDS model, serves the services declared in it, answers generic requests before any handler runs, and loads every cds-plugin.sap official, cap
CAP Node.js runtime
cds-data-federationcds-data-federationA data federation plugin for SAP CAP applications that declares delegation, caching and replication on a consumption view through CDS annotations, instead of hand-written handlers.independent, cap
Data federation for CAP via delegation, caching and replication
cds-data-pipelinecds-data-pipelineDeclarative scheduled pipelines between CAP services — each one a linear READ, MAP, WRITE from a single source to a single target, with tracking, retry, delta support and a management API.independent, cap
Scheduled READ, MAP, WRITE pipelines between CAP services
cds-federation-synonymscds-federation-synonymsAn experimental CAP plugin for CAP-to-CAP data federation over SAP HANA synonyms, so one project reads another's tables without the rows being copied.sap official, cap
CAP-to-CAP data federation over SAP HANA synonyms
When your adoption policy excludes experimental dependencies: the [maintainer’s README](https://github.com/cap-js/cds-federation-synonyms#about-this-project) explicitly labels this plugin experimental.
SAP-samples/recap2026-cap-level-data-federationSAP-samples/recap2026-cap-level-data-federationA reCAP 2026 workshop that federates flight master data from one CAP application into another via service-level replication and HANA synonyms, then imports a Business Data Cloud data product.sap official, cap
reCAP 2026 workshop on data federation between CAP applications
CAP-level Data FederationCAP-level Data FederationA Devtoberfest 2026 session (CAP-31) on letting one CAP application read another's data as if it were local. The modelling half is the same for both answers, which is why the two technical edges hold: the provider defines an API service and exports it with CDS export as an npm package carrying the model, mock data and translated texts, the consumer imports it and puts consumption views on top, and only then is it wired either as service-level replication that copies the rows into local tables each time the server starts, or over the SAP HANA synonyms that cds-federation-synonyms generates, with HDI grants on the provider side and a service replacement that redirects each synonym from its mock table to the provider's container. It is worked through on xflights and xtravels, including the local run where CDS watch mocks the imported service from the CSV files inside the package.SAP Developers, published 2026-10-02
Federating, Replicating, and Caching Remote Data in CAP — Part 2Federating, Replicating, and Caching Remote Data in CAP — Part 2The practical half of the pair. Where Part 1 sets out the terminology, what CAP does out of the box and where the gaps are, this one builds a small application that federates, replicates and caches remote data, one step at a time, with the finished project published as sales-cockpit so a reader can either follow along or start from the end. It began as a twenty-minute reCAP talk, which the author says was only room for the intro.published 2026-07-17
Data modellingSAP and community
@sap/cds@sap/cdsThe CAP Node.js runtime, which compiles the CDS model, serves the services declared in it, answers generic requests before any handler runs, and loads every cds-plugin.sap official, cap
CAP Node.js runtime
@sap/cds-common-content@sap/cds-common-contentISO-standard content for CAP's common definitions — countries, languages, currencies and timezones — so a project does not seed those tables itself.sap official, cap
ISO content for CAP's countries, languages, currencies and timezones
@sap/cds-compiler@sap/cds-compilerCompiles CDS models to CSN, EDMX and database schemas.sap official, cap
Compiler from CDS models to CSN, EDMX and database schemas
cap-user-infocap-user-infoResolves the createdBy and modifiedBy of a managed entity to a stored user record of email, given name and family name, and renders the two fields as links with a quickview.independent, cap
User details and quickview links for createdBy and modifiedBy
cds-numberrange-plugincds-numberrange-pluginA CAP plugin that fills an annotated CDS element with the next number from a named range, optionally with prefix, suffix and padding, keeping the counter in a database entity it adds to the model.independent, cap
Fills a CDS element from a database-backed number range
capire/bookshopcapire/bookshopThe primer of CAP: a bookshop small enough to read in one sitting, whose Books and Authors every CAP explanation, including this graph's, assumes you have already seen.sap official, cap
CAP's getting-started bookshop sample
SAP-samples/cap-cds-hands-onSAP-samples/cap-cds-hands-onA hands-on, five-part workshop on CAP's Conceptual Definition Language, from a first entity definition through types, aspects, associations and compositions to annotations and declarative constraints.sap official, cap
Five-part workshop on CDS, from a first service to constraints
SAP-samples/cloud-cap-hana-swapiSAP-samples/cloud-cap-hana-swapiA CAP data model demonstrating bi-directional, many-to-many relationships, built on the SWAPI Star Wars dataset extended with TV shows and streaming series and loadable into SQLite, HANA or PostgreSQL.sap official, cap
CAP data model of many-to-many relationships on a Star Wars dataset
xflightsxflightsA reuse package serving master-data entities (Airlines, Airports and Flights) as a service that other CAP applications compose into their own data model.sap official, cap
CAP reuse package serving Airlines, Airports and Flights data
xflights-javaxflights-javaThe Java twin of capire/xflights: a CAP Java service managing Airlines, Airports and Flights master data, with its client package xflights-data pulled into a consuming app through Maven.sap official, cap
CAP Java reuse package for Airlines, Airports and Flights data
#CAP-TechBytes Input Validation#CAP-TechBytes Input ValidationThe annotations one at a time — @mandatory, @assert.unique, @assert.range including the enum form, @assert.format — each with what it produces. Ends on error handling, which is the part that decides whether any of it is usable from a UI.Thajunniza, published 2023-07-07
A CAP Plugin for Flexible Number Range Management: cds-numberrange-pluginA CAP Plugin for Flexible Number Range Management: cds-numberrange-pluginThe author's own plugin, and the reason given for writing it is about plugins rather than about number ranges: a year of using them convinced them that this was the way to extend CAP without leaving marks on the application. Sequential document numbers are the thing it does; keeping the host project clean is the thing it argues for.abdulbasit, published 2025-06-17
CAP-level Data FederationCAP-level Data FederationA Devtoberfest 2026 session (CAP-31) on letting one CAP application read another's data as if it were local. The modelling half is the same for both answers, which is why the two technical edges hold: the provider defines an API service and exports it with CDS export as an npm package carrying the model, mock data and translated texts, the consumer imports it and puts consumption views on top, and only then is it wired either as service-level replication that copies the rows into local tables each time the server starts, or over the SAP HANA synonyms that cds-federation-synonyms generates, with HDI grants on the provider side and a service replacement that redirects each synonym from its mock table to the provider's container. It is worked through on xflights and xtravels, including the local run where CDS watch mocks the imported service from the CSV files inside the package.SAP Developers, published 2026-10-02
CAP, CDS, CDL, CSN and jq - finding associationsCAP, CDS, CDL, CSN and jq - finding associationsHow associations are actually represented once CDL is compiled into CSN, worked out by parsing the machine-readable form with jq. Useful less as a recipe than as a way in: anything that wants to reason about a CDS model without the compiler has to read CSN, and this is what that looks like from the outside.published 2024-04-16
Computed field example in CAPComputed field example in CAPAn answer to a Community question — how to count the entities on the far side of an association — written up as a short post rather than left in a thread. The answer combines CDS with Node.js service events, which is the seam worth noticing: some of what looks like modelling is expressed in the model and some has to be computed when the request arrives, and the boundary between them is not obvious from either side.published 2019-08-21
Computed field example in CAP
Data modelling has changed 3 times since this was published, most recently in @sap/cds 9.9.0, 2026-04-23. Affects A recipe, Runnable code.
Create CDS Views and expose through OData service in CAPMCreate CDS Views and expose through OData service in CAPMViews defined in CDS and then exposed, which is the whole of what a small CAP service is. Written step by step from cds init onward in Business Application Studio.VenkateshMundru, published 2025-08-11
Creating structured types, enums and named aspects using the CDS Graphical ModelerCreating structured types, enums and named aspects using the CDS Graphical ModelerThe modelling constructs that are awkward to draw — structured types, enums, named aspects — done in the graphical modeller rather than in CDL.Xiao-fei_Song, published 2021-05-26
Deep Insert in SAP CAPM Using Composition and Fiori ElementsDeep Insert in SAP CAPM Using Composition and Fiori ElementsParent and children created in one transaction, which composition already gives you in the model — the post is about what Fiori elements does with it, and what the payload looks like when the UI sends both at once.published 2026-05-22
Develop a full stack Business application with SAP Cloud Application Programming ModelDevelop a full stack Business application with SAP Cloud Application Programming ModelBuilds a full-stack CAP application in SAP Web IDE Full Stack's now-retired 'SAP Cloud Platform Business Application' template: a data-model.cds entity with its own service definition, then Fiori annotations on the generated OData. Building the project compiles that model into Catalog.xml and csn.json, the EDMX and CSN that metadata publishing says every exposed service gets. The entity and service definitions it writes by hand are the basic shape data modelling covers, though the webIDE and MTA tooling staged around them is gone.former_member584731, published 2018-11-29
First Java Cap ApplicationFirst Java Cap ApplicationA step-by-step walkthrough of a first CAP Java project: com.sap.cds:cds-services-archetype scaffolds the initial Maven project, and the domain model is then rewritten in the db folder with entities, the cuid and managed aspects, associations, compositions and a CodeList, so a hand-coded event handler serving a single entity gives way to a service that CAP's generic persistence handling serves without custom code. It deploys that model to SQLite for local development — cds deploy --to sqlite, then a Spring profile pointing at the generated database file — and ends by adding an index.cds so the model and service can be published as a reusable npm module.bruce_wang3, published 2020-12-08
Importing @sap/cds common.cds to your CAP project using the CDS Graphical ModelerImporting @sap/cds common.cds to your CAP project using the CDS Graphical ModelerPulling the common aspects and code lists from @sap/cds into a model through the modeller, so the reuse types appear in the diagram rather than only in the file.Xiao-fei_Song, published 2021-05-06
SAP CAP Adapter to expose OData as custom REST ServiceSAP CAP Adapter to expose OData as custom REST ServiceWalks through consuming an external OData V2 service in a CAP project — cds import converts the Northwind service's EDMX into a CSN and cds.connect.to wires up the remote proxy — then re-exposing it as plain REST with the @protocol:'rest' annotation instead of OData's own envelope. Shows two ways to reshape the response, renaming and dropping fields in a CDS projection or rewriting the returned objects in a custom service handler, and remaps ?pageSize and ?offset onto OData's $top and $skip in that same handler.Former Member, published 2021-09-15
SAP CAP Recent Enhancements the HANA Dev Should Know AboutSAP CAP Recent Enhancements the HANA Dev Should Know AboutThomas Jung walks through CAP features for HANA database developers that landed through late 2021: doc comments in the data model (CDL comments propagated into generated database objects via the package.json cdsc.docs compiler option), and schema evolution reaching general availability in the November 2021 release, using the @cds.persistence.journal annotation and cds.hana.journal settings to generate incremental hdbmigrationtable migration scripts instead of dropping and recreating tables. It also walks through two features outside those two: window functions in view column definitions, added in the December 2021 release, and a beta assert_integrity setting that generates database foreign-key constraints from 1:1 associations and compositions.published 2022-02-15
SAP CAP(Cloud Application Programming)开发框架概述SAP CAP(Cloud Application Programming)开发框架概述A Chinese-language walkthrough of CAP built mainly from CAPire's own "About CAP" page: CDS entities, associations, compositions and aspects for data modelling, with an extend Books with @restrict: [{ grant:'WRITE', to:'admin' }] aspect as its authorization example; CQL and CQN queries shown against both a local service and OData's $select/$expand; and the service-and-event model — this.on, this.emit, srv.on — that carries CAP's async processing. It closes with the author's own setup: installing @sap/cds-dk, scaffolding a bookshop project with cds init, and running it with cds watch against local SQLite, mocked authentication and file-based messaging standing in for HANA Cloud, IAS and Kafka.ArthurYang, published 2024-01-07
SAP Cloud Platform Backend service: Tutorial [11]: CDS : magic: key: generationSAP Cloud Platform Backend service: Tutorial [11]: CDS : magic: key: generationExplains CDS's UUID key type: giving a key property UUID gets its value generated automatically instead of a hand-picked unused number, as data modelling lets an element's type do, at the cost of a 36-character value unfit for a user-facing display. It then works out how that generated value is addressed in a single-entity read URL — bare brackets in OData V4 against the guid'...' literal V2 requires — citing the OData specification for the difference.CarlosRoggan, published 2019-03-15
Understanding Projections in CAPM: Select Only What You Need!Understanding Projections in CAPM: Select Only What You Need!One concept, explained by someone who had just learned it and says so — what a projection is, why it matters, and an analogy. The register is unusual here and suits the subject: projections are the first thing that makes CDS feel different from a table.Avisek_, published 2025-06-10
Database connectorsSAP and community
@cap-js/db-service@cap-js/db-serviceThe base every CAP database service is built on: the shared query translation and pooling that SQLite, PostgreSQL and HANA specialise rather than reimplement.sap official, cap
Base service shared by CAP's SQLite, PostgreSQL and HANA services
@cap-js/hana@cap-js/hanaThe HANA database service — the production default, on the same streamlined architecture as the SQLite and PostgreSQL services.sap official, cap
SAP HANA database service for CAP
@cap-js/postgres@cap-js/postgresThe PostgreSQL database service — the production option for running CAP off HANA, sharing the base service with the other three.sap official, cap
PostgreSQL database service for CAP
@cap-js/sqlite@cap-js/sqliteThe SQLite service, in memory during the inner loop — which is why a CAP project runs before anyone has provisioned a database.sap official, cap
SQLite database service for CAP, in memory during development
@neoimpulse/cap-js-restore-model-defined-types@neoimpulse/cap-js-restore-model-defined-typesA CAP plugin that casts values back to the types the CDS model declares after a READ, for the entities you name, where the database driver returned them as strings.independent, cap
CAP plugin casting read values back to CDS model types
@quadrio/cds-db2@quadrio/cds-db2A DB2 adapter for CDS, so a CAP model can be deployed to and served from DB2, last released July 2023 and still on npm while the repository it was published from has been deleted.independent, cap
DB2 adapter for CDS
The README is one line and the package carries no licence field. Last released July 2023. The repository the package declares has been deleted — verified against the GitHub API, not just a failed fetch. The package is still on npm, so it installs; the source it was published from is no longer readable, which is a harder thing to discover than a stale version number.
@sap/cds@sap/cdsThe CAP Node.js runtime, which compiles the CDS model, serves the services declared in it, answers generic requests before any handler runs, and loads every cds-plugin.sap official, cap
CAP Node.js runtime
@sap/cds-hana@sap/cds-hanaThe SAP Cloud Application Programming Model's database adapter for SAP HANA, the package a CAP project adds to run its model on a SAP HANA database.sap official, cap
Database adapter for SAP HANA in CAP
@sap/hana-client@sap/hana-clientSAP's own Node.js driver for SAP HANA: connect, run SQL and prepared statements, synchronously, through callbacks or as promises, over native client libraries npm installs per platform.sap official, btp
SAP's Node.js driver for SAP HANA
cap-postgres-btp-connectivitycap-postgres-btp-connectivityConnects a CAP Node.js application to a PostgreSQL database that is not publicly reachable, tunnelling through BTP Connectivity and the Cloud Connector.independent, cap
Tunnels CAP Node.js to a private PostgreSQL via Cloud Connector
cap-snowflakecap-snowflakeA CAP database adapter for Snowflake with OData V4 support, which the maintainer marks as early development, so its contract is expected to move.independent, cap
CAP database adapter for Snowflake with OData V4 support
The maintainer marks this early development; expect the contract to move.
cds-mysqlcds-mysqlA MySQL and MariaDB database adapter for CAP that connects to a database instance and translates incoming CQL/CQN requests to it; the repository the package declares has been deleted.independent, cap
MySQL and MariaDB database adapter for CAP
The repository the package declares has been deleted — verified against the GitHub API, not just a failed fetch. The package is still on npm, so it installs; the source it was published from is no longer readable, which is a harder thing to discover than a stale version number.
cds-pgcds-pgA PostgreSQL adapter for SAP CDS, built by the SAP Mentors community, which gave CAP a Postgres persistence option years before @cap-js/postgres shipped.independent, cap
PostgreSQL adapter for SAP CDS from the SAP Mentors community
The declared repository is archived.
bookshop-demobookshop-demoSimple CDS bookshop — the reference model most CAP explanations build on.independent, cap
Simple CDS bookshop model used across CAP explanations
Neither the package manifest nor the repository tree declares a licence.
cap-cross-containercap-cross-containerA sample of five CAP services reading each other's HANA tables across HDI containers, with the grantor service key turned into a user-provided service.independent, cap
CAP services reading each other's HANA tables across HDI containers
Neither the package manifest nor the repository tree declares a licence.
capire/bookstorecapire/bookstoreA composite application assembled from separately deployed services — bookshop, reviews, orders and a common content package — rather than one project with more folders in it.sap official, cap
Composite CAP app from separately deployed services
pg-beershoppg-beershopCAP beershop running on PostgreSQL, from before an official adapter existed.independent, cap
CAP beershop on PostgreSQL, predating an official adapter
sap-cap-mongodbsap-cap-mongodbA CAP service reading and writing MongoDB from hand-written handlers that replace the persistence layer while keeping the CDS model and service, with a UI5 front end over the v2 proxy.independent, cap
CAP service reading and writing MongoDB from custom handlers
Neither the package manifest nor the repository tree declares a licence.
SAP-samples/cap-hana-exercises-codejamSAP-samples/cap-hana-exercises-codejamAn eight-exercise CodeJam that builds a full-stack CAP application on SAP HANA Cloud, from HDI containers to calculation views and stored procedures.sap official, cap
CodeJam building a full-stack CAP app on SAP HANA Cloud
2024/01最新版！Productivity Toolsを使ったCAPバックエンド開発②~HANA Cloud編~2024/01最新版！Productivity Toolsを使ったCAPバックエンド開発②~HANA Cloud編~In Japanese, and the second of a pair — database connection through to calling the API from outside, with authorisation in between. The author dates the screenshots explicitly and warns that the UI may have moved since, which is the right disclaimer for a click-through guide.takayuki_tanaka, published 2024-01-09
2024/01最新版！Productivity Toolsを使ったCAPバックエンド開発②~HANA Cloud編~
Database connectors has changed twice since this was published, most recently in @sap/cds 10.1.0, 2026-09-07. Affects A recipe.
Automate Recurring Data Updates in SAP HANA CloudAutomate Recurring Data Updates in SAP HANA CloudA walkthrough for marking inventory rows stale after 30 days using SAP HANA Cloud's own scheduler: a SQLScript procedure, a CREATE SCHEDULER JOB statement with its 7-field cron pattern, the M_SCHEDULER_JOBS monitoring view, and the matching DROP statements to remove both. It then names where that approach stops and lists the alternatives for scheduling outside the database: SAP Integration Suite's Timer Event, the SAP Job Scheduling service, SAP Automation Pilot for infrastructure commands, and a custom approach for triggering scheduled REST calls from an application.Joni, published 2026-06-11
Bridging Python and SAP HANA: Inside the sqlalchemy-hana Open-Source DialectBridging Python and SAP HANA: Inside the sqlalchemy-hana Open-Source DialectA Devtoberfest 2026 data-track session (DAT-21) in which one of the maintainers of sqlalchemy-hana, the open-source SQLAlchemy dialect published in SAP's GitHub organisation, opens up what sits between Python and SAP HANA. It walks the five dialect classes that render statements, types, DDL, identifiers and sequences, and the HANA specifics they absorb: the FROM DUMMY a bare SELECT needs, a limit injected when only an offset is given, string compiled to NVARCHAR, and quoted case-sensitive identifiers against Python's lowercase. The rest covers schema migrations with Alembic on HANA's transactional DDL, the recently added async support and vector types, and that HANA Cloud and HANA 2 are supported while HANA 1 is not.SAP Developers, published 2026-09-29
Bring "developers.sap.com" Into Your Dev Environment: SAP Developer Context for AI Coding AgentsBring "developers.sap.com" Into Your Dev Environment: SAP Developer Context for AI Coding AgentsDevtoberfest 2026 session FA-11: a tour of the rebuilt developers.sap.com by the team that runs it, from the administration screens behind the home page to the agent interfaces in front of it. The site is a CAP application on SAP HANA Cloud and SAP BTP, open-sourced in full, and the half of the session that places it here is how its content reaches an agent: every tutorial is also served as markdown, a coding agent is detected and given that version instead of the HTML, a well-known agent card advertises what the site offers, and SAP Developers MCP answers questions about tutorials, news and a reader's own completion history in Claude Code and Joule Desktop, over OAuth or a personal access token. Behind the answers sit two things working together: a knowledge graph in the HANA database over 1400 tutorials and 11,000 concepts, and SAP AI Core for the Joule interactions and the embeddings, with the agent harness written for the site rather than taken off a shelf. Where neither MCP nor A2A is available, the same content is published as skills.SAP Developers, published 2026-09-25
Building an SAP BTP Agent Architecture from Scratch: Python + CAP + HANABuilding an SAP BTP Agent Architecture from Scratch: Python + CAP + HANAA first-person build log of a Flask orchestrator on Cloud Foundry that reduces a question to keywords, searches a Node.js service's Documents entity, and passes what it finds to Claude for a grounded answer. Getting there means learning that HANA's fuzzy .search() matches one word but not a full sentence, fixed by splitting the query into terms and merging the per-term hits, and that provisioning SAP HANA Cloud hits a database-level free-tier quota rather than an HDI-container one, with a stopped instance needing to be resumed first. It also covers @sap/cds-dk needing to sit in dependencies rather than devDependencies, since Cloud Foundry's buildpack skips the latter, before cds deploy --to hana can run as part of the push.neilaspin, published 2026-07-28
Building your knowledge graph on SAP HANA CloudBuilding your knowledge graph on SAP HANA CloudDevtoberfest 2026 session DAT-11, in which two enterprise architects explain what a knowledge graph is and then build one on SAP HANA Cloud. The first half sets the join across three relational tables against an ontology of classes and predicates, the subject-predicate-object triple written as a turtle file, and a SPARQL query over it, and argues that the chain of relationships is what makes a recommendation traceable back to its reasons. The demo, taken from a Discovery Center mission, curates the ontology and the RDF files for an accounts receivable scenario in VS Code, ingests the triples into HANA Cloud with SQL and walks the resulting graph outward from a customer; that is the graph, spatial and document data edge. It closes by separating three things that share the name: the HANA Cloud knowledge graph engine, SAP Knowledge Graph as the data, and the knowledge graph in SAP Business Data Cloud.SAP Developers, published 2026-09-22
CAP Foundry: Engineering SAP CAP Applications from Business Intent with Guardrailed AICAP Foundry: Engineering SAP CAP Applications from Business Intent with Guardrailed AICAP Foundry is a prototype that generates a CAP Node.js project with SAP Fiori elements from a written business requirement, discovering the actual data shape from a chosen source — SQLite, a configured SAP HANA HDI container, offline EDMX, live OData through the SAP Destination service, or approved SAP BTP ABAP objects — instead of inventing one. The generated application can carry a Fiori draft lifecycle with optimistic concurrency via ETags and annotation-driven Fiori elements list and object screens, localized independently of the underlying service contract. Attachments can be added with upload, download and delete, gated on a malware-scan status, and the generated project still has to compile, build and pass its generated tests before the run is accepted.Shahid, published 2026-08-20
CAP in the age of AI #6 - vector embeddingsCAP in the age of AI #6 - vector embeddingsVector embeddings put to work in the incident management sample, answering whether this problem has been seen before. An embedding element of type Vector is calculated and stored from the vector_embedding function, so the database refreshes it whenever the text behind it changes, and cosine_similarity compares it with a freshly embedded string; because a title says little, a scheduled action first summarises each incident's conversation through a model on SAP AI Core and the embedding is taken from that summary. The similar-incidents list is a view joining incidents to themselves, with order and limit set in a before handler on the expanded query, and the vector element excluded from the service, since OData knows nothing about vectors — on SAP HANA Cloud the function is native, while SQLite needs packages added to the project.published 2026-10-09
CAP in the age of AI #7 - vector embeddings wrap-upCAP in the age of AI #7 - vector embeddings wrap-upThe same embeddings model taken from SQLite to SAP HANA Cloud, then handed to an agent. Locally it is @cap-js/ai that adds the vector functions SQLite lacks and downloads an all-MiniLM L6v2 ONNX model on first start; on HANA natural language processing has to be switched on, the model name is a mandatory argument, the vectors it returns are 768 dimensions, and dimensions must match on both sides of a comparison. HANA itself can be given SAP AI Core as a remote source for other embedding models, which a CDS.ql expression has to inject because the postfix notation only takes what the CDS model holds, and the hour ends with a search function over cosine similarity exposed over @cap-js/mcp, so an agent asked about low output from solar panels calls semantic search instead of writing the query itself.published 2026-10-16
CAP PostgreSql setup local debugging using Docker - Part 2CAP PostgreSql setup local debugging using Docker - Part 2PostgreSQL in a container so the local loop matches the deployed one — the thing SQLite quietly stops you doing. Short, and it assumes the project from part one already runs.ramonlee5, published 2023-11-22
CAP PostgreSql setup local debugging using Docker - Part 2
Database connectors has changed twice since this was published, most recently in @sap/cds 10.1.0, 2026-09-07. Affects A recipe.
CAP with PostgreSQL DB alternate to HANA Cloud DB - Part 1CAP with PostgreSQL DB alternate to HANA Cloud DB - Part 1Bootstrapping a CAP project on PostgreSQL, framed as a choice that depends on the client rather than on the technology. Short, and part two is where it gets debuggable.ramonlee5, published 2023-10-10
cds deploy to sqlite in-memory databasecds deploy to sqlite in-memory databaseTwo pages on what cds deploy --to sqlite does and what it prints. A reference note rather than an argument, and the shortest entry in this capability.AndrewBarnard, published 2021-04-25
Combining AI Agents with the power of SAP HANA embedded ML (part 1)Combining AI Agents with the power of SAP HANA embedded ML (part 1)Devtoberfest 2026 session DAT-12, the first of two parts, in which Vitaliy Rudnytskiy does a data scientist's work against the embedded machine learning of SAP HANA Cloud by talking to an agent. The session first takes an agent apart into its LLM, its tools, its memory and the loop between them, then stacks the Predictive Analysis Library under the hana-ml Python wrapper and that under the HANA AI toolkit, whose tools an agent calls from plain English in a notebook to preview a sales refunds table, split it into train and predict tables, run a time-series check and train an AutoML forecast, keeping what it decided in Markdown memory files. That is the agent tooling edge; the same toolkit is then started as an MCP server over stdio and over streamable HTTP and reached from a coding agent and from Joule Work's desktop, which is where the live demo partly fails and the failure is shown.published 2026-09-22
Configure an SAP CAP Application to Connect to an SAP HANA Cloud Database in Another Global Account or SubaccountConfigure an SAP CAP Application to Connect to an SAP HANA Cloud Database in Another Global Account or SubaccountThe case the tooling does not cover: the database is in a different global account, so there is no HDI container to bind and cds deploy cannot do its usual job. Written for exactly that, and it says so in the subtitle — without HDI.JhoelAnthonyRamosRomeroPE, published 2024-10-08
Connect SAP CAP (Node.js) to On-Premise/Private PostgreSQL using SAP Cloud ConnectorConnect SAP CAP (Node.js) to On-Premise/Private PostgreSQL using SAP Cloud ConnectorAn end-to-end route from a CAP Node.js application on Cloud Foundry to a PostgreSQL database that is never made publicly reachable, over BTP Connectivity and the Cloud Connector using a TCP destination and SOCKS5. The part worth having is that it covers the deployer as well as the server: the generated PostgreSQL deployer has to reach the same private database to deploy the CDS model, and a guide that only connects the runtime leaves you with a schema you cannot install.Kalaikovan, published 2026-08-07
Connect SAP CAP (Node.js) to On-Premise/Private PostgreSQL using SAP Cloud Connector
Database connectors changed in @sap/cds 10.1.0, 2026-09-07. Affects A recipe.
Create a Business Service using CDS, Node.js, SQLite and a OData serviceCreate a Business Service using CDS, Node.js, SQLite and a OData serviceThe stack at its smallest — CDS, Node, SQLite, an OData service — worked through at length. Nothing cloud in it, which is the point: it is the shape of a CAP service before any of the platform arrives.raybanton, published 2021-07-12
Create a Business Service using CDS, Node.js, SQLite and a OData service
Database connectors has changed twice since this was published, most recently in @sap/cds 10.1.0, 2026-09-07. Affects A recipe, Runnable code.
Creating a Hybrid CAP (Node.js) Profile with PostgreSQL on BTP from Business Application StudioCreating a Hybrid CAP (Node.js) Profile with PostgreSQL on BTP from Business Application StudioHybrid testing is documented for HANA; this is the same profile against a PostgreSQL instance on BTP, driven from a BAS dev space rather than a laptop. Proposed under editor support because of where it runs, but the subject is the binding: what cds bind writes, and what has to be true of the service instance and the tunnel for a local process to reach it.valentincadart, published 2025-10-02
Creating a Hybrid CAP (Node.js) Profile with PostgreSQL on BTP from Business Application Studio
Database connectors changed in @sap/cds 10.1.0, 2026-09-07. Affects Runnable code.
Deploying CAP services with the in-memory SQLite databaseDeploying CAP services with the in-memory SQLite databaseIn-memory, deployed to Cloud Foundry — so the data is gone on restart, on purpose. For a service whose datastore does not need to survive anything, which is a narrower case than it sounds and a real one.liam_mischewski, published 2021-05-24
Distributed Resiliency of SAP CAP applications using SAP HANA Cloud (Multi-Zone Replication)Distributed Resiliency of SAP CAP applications using SAP HANA Cloud (Multi-Zone Replication)Resilience defined the way an operator would — failures happen in a complex landscape and should go unnoticed by the user — and then what multi-zone replication on HANA Cloud means for the CAP application in front of it.shanthakumar_krishnaswamy, published 2022-11-12
Extend SAP SuccessFactors on SAP BTP with CAP - Deploy to SAP HANA CloudExtend SAP SuccessFactors on SAP BTP with CAP - Deploy to SAP HANA CloudThe deployment instalment of the author's SuccessFactors extension series — the project already exists and the imported service is already modelled, so this is only the move onto HANA Cloud. Depends on the two posts before it and says so.ale_biagi, published 2022-03-29
First Java Cap ApplicationFirst Java Cap ApplicationA step-by-step walkthrough of a first CAP Java project: com.sap.cds:cds-services-archetype scaffolds the initial Maven project, and the domain model is then rewritten in the db folder with entities, the cuid and managed aspects, associations, compositions and a CodeList, so a hand-coded event handler serving a single entity gives way to a service that CAP's generic persistence handling serves without custom code. It deploys that model to SQLite for local development — cds deploy --to sqlite, then a Spring profile pointing at the generated database file — and ends by adding an index.cds so the model and service can be published as a reusable npm module.bruce_wang3, published 2020-12-08
Fullstack CAP Application with HANA Cloud (Decoupled Architecture) [Part-1]Fullstack CAP Application with HANA Cloud (Decoupled Architecture) [Part-1]The first of six, and it does the thing the later parts depend on: build the Incident Management application against SQLite on a laptop, with no cloud database in sight. The series is called decoupled because the front end and the back end are deployed separately, and this part is entirely the back end.sanjucs, published 2026-05-06
Fullstack CAP Application with HANA Cloud (Decoupled Architecture) [Part-1]
Database connectors changed in @sap/cds 10.1.0, 2026-09-07. Affects A recipe, Runnable code.
Fullstack CAP Application with HANA Cloud (Decoupled Architecture) [Part-3]Fullstack CAP Application with HANA Cloud (Decoupled Architecture) [Part-3]The cloud database appears: a HANA Cloud instance created on BTP and mapped to a Cloud Foundry space. No application code — this is the part where the platform has to be right before the next part can connect to it.sanjucs, published 2026-05-08
Fullstack CAP Application with HANA Cloud (Decoupled Architecture) [Part-4]Fullstack CAP Application with HANA Cloud (Decoupled Architecture) [Part-4]The switch from SQLite to HANA and the first deploy of the back end to Cloud Foundry — the point in the series where the persistence stops being a file and the build starts producing HDI artifacts.sanjucs, published 2026-05-12
Fullstack CAP Application with HANA Cloud (Decoupled Architecture) [Part-4]
Database connectors changed in @sap/cds 10.1.0, 2026-09-07. Affects A recipe.
Getting started with CAP on PostgreSQL (Node.js)Getting started with CAP on PostgreSQL (Node.js)Running CAP on PostgreSQL locally in 2020, when doing so meant the community packages cds-pg and cds-dbm. It now opens with a banner the author added later: @sap/cds 7.0.0 has native PostgreSQL support, use @cap-js/postgres instead, with a pointer to a step-by-step guide for it. Worth having for that banner as much as for the content — a post that tells you not to follow it is a dated fact about where the answer moved.published 2020-11-16
Getting started with CAP on PostgreSQL (Node.js)
cds-pg. Affects Runnable code.
How I migrated my on-prem xsa cds3+hana solution to cds6+sqliteHow I migrated my on-prem xsa cds3+hana solution to cds6+sqliteThree major CDS versions and a database swap in one move, done to get an old on-premise XSA application running somewhere cheap. The repository is linked, and the interest is in what broke between cds3 and cds6 rather than in the destination.alex_myakinkii, published 2022-08-07
How I migrated my on-prem xsa cds3+hana solution to cds6+sqlite
Database connectors has changed twice since this was published, most recently in @sap/cds 10.1.0, 2026-09-07. Affects Runnable code.
How to create an API to run a HANA Cloud Stored Procedure in Cloud FoundryHow to create an API to run a HANA Cloud Stored Procedure in Cloud FoundryReaching past CDS to the database's own machinery — built-in algorithms, SQLScript procedures and functions — and putting an API in front of them. Long, and it is the case where the model is not where the logic belongs.gonzalo_hernan_sendra, published 2022-12-08
How to create an API to run a HANA Cloud Stored Procedure in Cloud Foundry
Database connectors has changed twice since this was published, most recently in @sap/cds 10.1.0, 2026-09-07. Affects Runnable code.
How to share tables across different CAP projectsHow to share tables across different CAP projectsFour scenarios for reading one CAP project's table from another, worked out as a matrix of what each one needs: the same HDI container and namespace, the same container under a different namespace, a different container, and a different Cloud Foundry space. The mechanics change with each step — @cds.persistence.exists on the reused entity throughout, an .hdbsynonym once namespaces diverge, .hdbrole and .hdbgrants once containers do, and a user-provided service built from the grantor's credentials once spaces do. The author flags the caveat themselves: these are learning scenarios, and consuming the OData service is often the better answer than reaching into another project's database. Dated corrections from twelve days after publication sit inline — synonyms need only the name because the configuration comes from .hdbsynonymconfig, SERVICE_REPLACEMENTS in mta.yaml removes the hard-coded service name, and the reused container need not be bound to the srv module.published 2021-10-03
Lets Deep dive into CAPM and HANA Cloud --> HANACapLets Deep dive into CAPM and HANA Cloud --> HANACapShort, and framed as what the author does day to day on BTP rather than as a tutorial: where CAPM meets HANA Cloud and which pieces have to agree.shivamshukla12, published 2023-07-16
Lets Deep dive into CAPM and HANA Cloud --> HANACap
Database connectors has changed twice since this was published, most recently in @sap/cds 10.1.0, 2026-09-07. Affects Runnable code.
Lets Talk to the Database - CAP & SQLite Powered by Google Gemini-2.5-ProLets Talk to the Database - CAP & SQLite Powered by Google Gemini-2.5-ProNatural language against a CAP service on SQLite, with a non-SAP model doing the translation. Written as a learning exercise rather than a pattern, and the choice of Gemini over anything in the AI hub is the interesting part of it.ShivamShuklaSAP, published 2025-04-16
Medallion Reference Architecture for Big Data Processing in SAP HANA CloudMedallion Reference Architecture for Big Data Processing in SAP HANA CloudSAP's medallion layout for SAP HANA Cloud: structured, semi-structured and unstructured data lands raw in HANA Cloud, data lake files as the bronze layer, is cleansed into a common structure in silver, held in data lake files or the HANA database, and is curated and read-optimised in gold, from where it can also be exposed as a Delta Share. The staged path from raw to consumable is the ground loading a warehouse covers, with Spark jobs and SAP Datasphere data flows named as ways to move data between layers and SAP Analytics Cloud among the consumers of gold. It leaves the ingestion method open, to be chosen by source, freshness and performance, and names no pipeline or schedule beyond that.published 2025-04-03
My Learnings in SAP-CAP Using MongoDBMy Learnings in SAP-CAP Using MongoDBCAP against a document database, which the supported list does not include — and the way it gets there is the point. The CDS model and the service definitions stay; the persistence is replaced by handlers calling the mongodb driver, with @sap/cds-odata-v2-adapter-proxy in front so a UI5 application can consume it. Learnings rather than a supported path, and the only MongoDB entry here.published 2021-01-11
My Learnings in SAP-CAP Using MongoDB
sap-cap-mongodb: no published releases, repository quiet for 69 months. Affects Runnable code.
Open Sourcing CAP – how to learn more or get involvedOpen Sourcing CAP – how to learn more or get involvedA roundup of CAP's open-sourcing, begun at TechEd the year before, pointing to a webinar recording, a podcast episode and reCAP 2023 talks for background. Among the components it names are a feature toggle library giving Node.js CAP apps live-updatable toggles backed by Redis, a new pluggable database layer with SQLite and PostgreSQL implementations plus a generic SQL layer, and a change tracking component that builds a change history for data from CDS models.Fempel, published 2023-10-02
PostgreSQL persistence adapter for CAP (Node.js)PostgreSQL persistence adapter for CAP (Node.js)The contradiction the adapter was built to resolve, stated plainly in 2020: CAP's core is open, non-intrusive and platform-agnostic, which is what would let it run outside SAP's world — except that HANA was the only officially supported production persistence and HANA exists only inside BTP. cds-pg is the answer to that, and this is the post that argues for it. Read now as the front end of a story whose other end is the 2023 post recording cds-pg's deprecation in favour of @cap-js/postgres.published 2020-08-20
PostgreSQL persistence adapter for CAP (Node.js)
cds-pg is archived. @cap-js/postgres answers the same capability. Affects Runnable code.
Run and Deploy CAP with PostgreSQL on SAP BTP Cloud Foundry (Node.js)Run and Deploy CAP with PostgreSQL on SAP BTP Cloud Foundry (Node.js)The deployment half of the pair, two weeks after the local one, and superseded the same way: it carries the same banner directing readers to @cap-js/postgres and the official documentation. The two together are the community PostgreSQL path as it stood before the core absorbed it.published 2020-11-30
Run and Deploy CAP with PostgreSQL on SAP BTP Cloud Foundry (Node.js)
cds-dbm. Affects Runnable code.
Run and Deploy SAP CAP (Java) with PostgreSQL on SAP BTP Cloud FoundryRun and Deploy SAP CAP (Java) with PostgreSQL on SAP BTP Cloud FoundrySuperseded by its own author: the post now opens with a notice that @sap/cds 7.0.0 brought native PostgreSQL support and that @cap-js/postgres should be used instead of the packages described below. Kept because that notice is the record of when the community adapter stopped being the answer.shanthakumar_krishnaswamy, published 2023-04-04
Run and Deploy SAP CAP (Java) with PostgreSQL on SAP BTP Cloud Foundry
cds-pg. Affects Runnable code.
Run and Deploy SAP CAP (Java) with PostgreSQL using Official Database Adapter @cap-js/postgresRun and Deploy SAP CAP (Java) with PostgreSQL using Official Database Adapter @cap-js/postgresThe post that records a handover. The author's earlier writing relied on the community projects cds-pg and cds-dbm; this one states that both were deprecated in favour of the official PostgreSQL support arriving with @sap/cds 7, and rewrites the path around @cap-js/postgres. For CAP Java it takes a different route to the initial schema.sql than the Node.js case, and it is candid that automatic schema deployment is convenient but not always what you want. Dated evidence for why two artifacts here went quiet.shanthakumar_krishnaswamy, published 2023-08-02
Run and Deploy SAP CAP (Java) with PostgreSQL using Official Database Adapter @cap-js/postgres
cds 7, line ended. Affects A recipe, Runnable code.
Run and Deploy SAP CAP (Node.js or Java) with PostgreSQL on SAP BTP Cloud FoundryRun and Deploy SAP CAP (Node.js or Java) with PostgreSQL on SAP BTP Cloud FoundryBoth runtimes in one walkthrough, and it stops on schema evolution — which is the reason to read it rather than one of the several other PostgreSQL posts here, since that is where the PostgreSQL story diverges from HANA's and the deploy stops being automatic.TiaXu, published 2023-07-12
Run and Deploy SAP CAP (Node.js or Java) with PostgreSQL on SAP BTP Cloud Foundry
Database connectors has changed twice since this was published, most recently in @sap/cds 10.1.0, 2026-09-07. Affects A recipe, Runnable code.
SAP BDC in Business AI Platform: Contextualize and ReasonSAP BDC in Business AI Platform: Contextualize and ReasonA Devtoberfest 2026 session (DAT-31) that places SAP Business Data Cloud as the contextualise-and-reason pillar of the SAP Business AI Platform, between the build pillar of Joule Studio and Integration Suite and the govern pillar of AI Agent Hub. It covers data products described with open resource discovery and core schema notation metadata, a data product creation agent that assembles a derived data product for overdue billing documents from the billing document and customer products and shows its lineage and fields; the data products a line-of-business application brings being readable by Joule without a BDC subscription; and the SAP-managed knowledge graph that maps business entities and their relationships for agents, held as graph data in the SAP HANA Cloud knowledge graph engine as RDF triples queried with SPARQL. The closing demo has SAP Joule answer head-count and purchase-order questions, with the generated SQL passed through a data product query that adds the restriction policy defined for that user in cloud identity services, which is why the session stands for cataloguing and lineage as much as for the products it names.SAP Developers, published 2026-10-06
SAP BTP Showcase - Use SAP Cloud Application Programming to do Native Development on HANA CloudSAP BTP Showcase - Use SAP Cloud Application Programming to do Native Development on HANA CloudThe fifth of a seven-post showcase, and the one where CAP is used to reach HANA-native artifacts rather than to avoid them. Long, and it sits inside a series whose other parts are about Data Warehouse Cloud and CI/CD.former_member271284, published 2021-01-31
SAP BTP Showcase - Use SAP Cloud Application Programming to do Native Development on HANA Cloud
Database connectors has changed twice since this was published, most recently in @sap/cds 10.1.0, 2026-09-07. Affects A recipe, Runnable code.
SAP BTP Showcase – SAP Continuous Integration and Delivery (SAP CI&D) for SAP HANA CloudSAP BTP Showcase – SAP Continuous Integration and Delivery (SAP CI&D) for SAP HANA CloudA pipeline for the database half of a CAP application, built with cds add pipeline — one command that writes a Jenkinsfile and a .pipeline folder — and then the mta module that makes a database change deploy itself.gcalixtos, published 2021-01-27
SAP BTP Showcase – SAP Continuous Integration and Delivery (SAP CI&D) for SAP HANA Cloud
Database connectors has changed twice since this was published, most recently in @sap/cds 10.1.0, 2026-09-07. Affects Runnable code.
SAP Business Application Studio – Using SAP HANA Tools with SAP Cloud Application Programming Model projectsSAP Business Application Studio – Using SAP HANA Tools with SAP Cloud Application Programming Model projectsNative HDB artifacts inside a CAP project — the case where CDS is not enough and something has to be written as a database object. Most of the work is making the two build outputs agree: an HDB module path, a CDS build output directory, and a package.json for the module, before the artifact is added and deployed. Published under an account that has since been closed, so the byline reads Former Member.Former Member, published 2021-01-14
SAP Business Application Studio – Using SAP HANA Tools with SAP Cloud Application Programming Model projects
Database connectors has changed twice since this was published, most recently in @sap/cds 10.1.0, 2026-09-07. Affects A recipe, Runnable code.
SAP CAP (Java) with Amazon Aurora PostgreSQLSAP CAP (Java) with Amazon Aurora PostgreSQLPostgreSQL, but the hyperscaler's own managed global database rather than BTP's option — Aurora, from CAP Java. One of a pair published the same day, the other being Azure's equivalent.shanthakumar_krishnaswamy, published 2023-08-02
SAP CAP (Java) with Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL
Database connectors has changed twice since this was published, most recently in @sap/cds 10.1.0, 2026-09-07. Affects A recipe, Runnable code.
SAP CAP (Java) with Azure Cosmos DB for PostgreSQLSAP CAP (Java) with Azure Cosmos DB for PostgreSQLThe Azure half of the pair: Cosmos DB speaking PostgreSQL, used from CAP Java. Same shape as the Aurora post, and reading both is how you see what is actually portable between them.shanthakumar_krishnaswamy, published 2023-08-02
SAP CAP (Java) with Azure Cosmos DB for PostgreSQL
Database connectors has changed twice since this was published, most recently in @sap/cds 10.1.0, 2026-09-07. Affects A recipe, Runnable code.
SAP CAP Lessons Learned: Run a CAP app using SQLite on SAP BTP - Cloud FoundrySAP CAP Lessons Learned: Run a CAP app using SQLite on SAP BTP - Cloud FoundrySQLite past the point it is meant to go — deployed, not local. Written as a lesson learned rather than a recommendation, and it pairs with the author's own note that SQLite is single threaded.LucasMagriniRigo, published 2024-12-30
SAP CAP Lessons Learned: SQLite is single threaded, HANA is notSAP CAP Lessons Learned: SQLite is single threaded, HANA is notA page long, and one of the more useful pages here: the local database serialises what the deployed one runs in parallel, so concurrency bugs are invisible until they are not. Filed by the author as something the tutorials do not make clear.LucasMagriniRigo, published 2025-01-22
SAP CAP With Prostgres Serice in BTPSAP CAP With Prostgres Serice in BTPA step-by-step walkthrough of a CAP bookshop project on @cap-js/postgres, provisioning PostgreSQL on SAP BTP, hyperscaler option's trial plan through mta.yaml, building the MTA archive and deploying it to Cloud Foundry by hand, then inspecting the deployed database with pgAdmin over an SSH tunnel. It updates an earlier post by Mike Zaschka on the same topic to the package CAP now ships by default, though the manual build-and-deploy sequence it shows predates cds up folding those steps into one command by a day.satya-dev, published 2025-03-30
SAP Cloud Application Programming Model（CAP）：概要およびデモ - Part 1SAP Cloud Application Programming Model（CAP）：概要およびデモ - Part 1Introduces SAP Cloud Application Programming Model as an open, opinionated framework that shoulders OData plumbing and database-specific code so a domain is modelled once in CDS, then builds a small bookshop project to show it: @sap/cds-dk's cds init scaffolds the project, cds watch serves it locally with live reload against an in-memory SQLite database, and a CatalogService projects a CDS domain model seeded from CSV files. The result is read as an OData service in the browser and exercised further through a Postman collection, with the optional @sap/vscode-cds extension noted for CDS syntax highlighting and completion in VS Code.rasai, published 2020-12-31
SAP HANA Cloud as an Esri GeodatabaseSAP HANA Cloud as an Esri GeodatabaseSAP's design for running an Esri ArcGIS Enterprise geodatabase inside SAP HANA Cloud, so that geometries and SAP business data sit in one database and are joined in a HANA calculation view, which is the spatial part of graph, spatial and document data. It traces three personas: an analyst in ArcGIS Pro building query layers over that view, a developer whose CAP application models spatial types such as ST_Point in CDS, and an analyst using a Fiori app on top of such an application. The deployment advice stops at placement: ArcGIS Server and HANA Cloud go in the same region and availability zone, because Esri's certified architectures allow under 5 milliseconds of network latency between them.published 2025-03-25
SFSFとHANA Cloudを使用するCAPのアプリケーション開発SFSFとHANA Cloudを使用するCAPのアプリケーション開発In Japanese. A hands-on taking data between SuccessFactors and HANA Cloud through a CAP application — the connection setup, the data and service models, then read and write logic, and a Cloud Foundry deploy. Long enough to carry its own table of contents.rasai, published 2022-12-14
SFSFとHANA Cloudを使用するCAPのアプリケーション開発
Database connectors has changed twice since this was published, most recently in @sap/cds 10.1.0, 2026-09-07. Affects A recipe, Runnable code.
Sharing SAP HANA Cloud instance to multiple subaccounts and creating HDI containersSharing SAP HANA Cloud instance to multiple subaccounts and creating HDI containersOne HANA Cloud instance, several subaccounts, an HDI container created from each — the arrangement that keeps a landscape from paying for a database per subaccount. Written against a CAP project, so the container mapping is shown from the side that has to consume it.published 2024-03-23
Sharing SAP HANA Cloud instance to multiple subaccounts and creating HDI containers
Database connectors has changed twice since this was published, most recently in @sap/cds 10.1.0, 2026-09-07. Affects Runnable code.
Simple steps to deploy your CAP project to HANA cloudSimple steps to deploy your CAP project to HANA cloudWritten from the far side of a failed deploy — the author says these are the troubleshooting steps that ended up working, not a designed procedure. Short, and honest about being a record rather than a recommendation.OmPrakashJha, published 2021-02-11
SQLite as database for a multi-target (/productive) CAP ApplicationSQLite as database for a multi-target (/productive) CAP ApplicationOpens with "Not recommended but possible", and then names the two cases where it is the right call anyway: a showcase, and a landscape with no HANA Cloud available. The caveat is the content.Christopher_Ketzler, published 2024-07-05
SQLite as database for a multi-target (/productive) CAP Application
Database connectors has changed twice since this was published, most recently in @sap/cds 10.1.0, 2026-09-07. Affects A recipe, Runnable code.
Testing your CAP HANA Artifacts with jest – including multitenancy, hdbprocedure and hdbviewTesting your CAP HANA Artifacts with jest – including multitenancy, hdbprocedure and hdbviewcds.test covers the service; this covers what is underneath it, where the artifact is an hdbprocedure or an hdbview that CDS never sees. That means a real HDI container, so most of the post is about where to get one and how to give CAP access to it — the tests are the easy part once that is true.Tristan, published 2022-08-30
Testing your CAP HANA Artifacts with jest – including multitenancy, hdbprocedure and hdbview
Testing has changed 3 times since this was published, most recently in @cap-js/cds-test 1.0.0, 2026-04-23. Affects A recipe, Runnable code.
Upload data from excel in CAP (Node.js)Upload data from excel in CAP (Node.js)Mass upload from a spreadsheet, both halves shown: an entity marked @cds.persistence.skip to receive the file, an INSERT built from the parsed rows, and a list report extended with the upload button that starts it.KM11, published 2022-11-21
Upload data from excel in CAP (Node.js)
Database connectors has changed twice since this was published, most recently in @sap/cds 10.1.0, 2026-09-07. Affects Runnable code.
Useful CAP CDS and Fiori Commands to Accelerate Development and DeploymentUseful CAP CDS and Fiori Commands to Accelerate Development and DeploymentA command-by-command walkthrough of @sap/cds-dk's cds add and fiori add generators: cds add xsuaa writes an XSUAA security configuration from the CDS model's authorization annotations, and cds add hana together with cds deploy --to hana switches persistence from the default SQLite database to SAP HANA Cloud. cds add mta and fiori add deploy-config, from @sap/generator-fiori, build the Cloud Foundry deployment descriptor together, adding a destination-service block and an xs-app.json that routes the Fiori app's calls through a named destination.TiaXu, published 2022-10-19
Using HANA Cloud’s "VECTOR_EMBEDDING" Function in CAPUsing HANA Cloud’s "VECTOR_EMBEDDING" Function in CAPEmbeddings generated inside the database rather than fetched from AI Core or an external model — a Q4 2024 HANA Cloud function, used from CAP. The shift it describes is where the embedding step lives, which changes what has to be deployed and what has to be called.published 2025-03-02
Using Postgresql Database in Cloud Application Programming modelUsing Postgresql Database in Cloud Application Programming modelA straight run through the official PostgreSQL guide with the steps spelled out, from initialising the server onward. Says as much itself — it follows the documentation rather than departing from it, which makes it the plainest of the PostgreSQL entries here.published 2024-05-14
Using Postgresql Database in Cloud Application Programming model
Database connectors has changed twice since this was published, most recently in @sap/cds 10.1.0, 2026-09-07. Affects A recipe, Runnable code.
Importing and exporting table dataCommunity only
cds-spreadsheetimporter-plugincds-spreadsheetimporter-pluginA CAP plugin that adds an ImporterService accepting an uploaded Excel file, parses it on the server and writes its rows into the CDS entity named in the URL.community org, cap
Spreadsheet upload into a CDS entity, parsed on the server
Create your first CAP pluginCreate your first CAP pluginA step-by-step guide to the cds-plugin.js extension point: scaffold a package, add an index.cds for shared model artifacts, and test it locally against a throwaway CAP project before publishing to npm, with a separate section on building the same plugin in TypeScript and compiling it with tsc. Points to the author's own cds-plugin-handlers and ui5-cap-serverside-rendering-plugin as worked examples.published 2024-12-09
Native SAP HANA artifactsSAP only
@sap/cds@sap/cdsThe CAP Node.js runtime, which compiles the CDS model, serves the services declared in it, answers generic requests before any handler runs, and loads every cds-plugin.sap official, cap
CAP Node.js runtime
@sap/cds-dk@sap/cds-dkThe command line client and development toolkit for CAP projects, with the commands cds build, cds deploy, cds watch and cds add among them.sap official, cap
Command line client and development toolkit for CAP
@sap/hdi-deploy@sap/hdi-deployThe Node.js deployer for SAP HANA Deployment Infrastructure: it writes a database module's design-time files into an HDI container as a delta, and it is what cds deploy runs for SAP HANA.sap official, cap
Node.js deployer for SAP HANA Deployment Infrastructure containers
cds-federation-synonymscds-federation-synonymsAn experimental CAP plugin for CAP-to-CAP data federation over SAP HANA synonyms, so one project reads another's tables without the rows being copied.sap official, cap
CAP-to-CAP data federation over SAP HANA synonyms
When your adoption policy excludes experimental dependencies: the [maintainer’s README](https://github.com/cap-js/cds-federation-synonyms#about-this-project) explicitly labels this plugin experimental.
SAP-samples/hana-developer-cli-tool-exampleSAP-samples/hana-developer-cli-tool-exampleA developer-centric command line for SAP HANA, built for local development outside SAP tooling and connecting to a local, cloud or remote HANA instance the same way.sap official, btp
Developer-centric command line for SAP HANA
cap-cross-containercap-cross-containerA sample of five CAP services reading each other's HANA tables across HDI containers, with the grantor service key turned into a user-provided service.independent, cap
CAP services reading each other's HANA tables across HDI containers
Neither the package manifest nor the repository tree declares a licence.
Connecting Two SAP CAP Projects Without Duplicating Your DataConnecting Two SAP CAP Projects Without Duplicating Your DataCross-container HDI synonyms, argued from the alternatives rather than presented as a recipe: copying the table, standing up an API, or hard-coding the values are the three things the author reports seeing teams do, and each is named as working but unclean. With synonyms in place the consuming project queries the owner's HANA tables through ordinary SQL and ordinary CAP service code, with no replication and nothing to drift between environments. Covers the same ground as Mio Yasutake's 2021 post from a different angle — that one enumerates four topologies, this one argues for one of them.Inderpreet, published 2026-07-08
How to share tables across different CAP projectsHow to share tables across different CAP projectsFour scenarios for reading one CAP project's table from another, worked out as a matrix of what each one needs: the same HDI container and namespace, the same container under a different namespace, a different container, and a different Cloud Foundry space. The mechanics change with each step — @cds.persistence.exists on the reused entity throughout, an .hdbsynonym once namespaces diverge, .hdbrole and .hdbgrants once containers do, and a user-provided service built from the grantor's credentials once spaces do. The author flags the caveat themselves: these are learning scenarios, and consuming the OData service is often the better answer than reaching into another project's database. Dated corrections from twelve days after publication sit inline — synonyms need only the name because the configuration comes from .hdbsynonymconfig, SERVICE_REPLACEMENTS in mta.yaml removes the hard-coded service name, and the reused container need not be bound to the srv module.published 2021-10-03
Schema evolutionSAP and community
@cap-js-community/common@cap-js-community/commonSix independent features for CAP services in one package: replication cache, migration check, rate limiting, a Redis client broker, a local HTML5 repository and a CDM builder.community org, cap
Six CAP features in one package, from replication cache to rate limits
It is a bundle, not a plugin with one job. Depending on it for one feature brings the rest.
@quadrio/cds-dbm@quadrio/cds-dbmA published fork of cds-dbm — deploy, load, diff and drop as CDS command-line tasks for relational databases the core does not natively support.independent, cap
Fork of cds-dbm with deploy, load, diff and drop tasks
Release and repository quiet for 39 months.
@sap/cds@sap/cdsThe CAP Node.js runtime, which compiles the CDS model, serves the services declared in it, answers generic requests before any handler runs, and loads every cds-plugin.sap official, cap
CAP Node.js runtime
@sap/cds-mtxs@sap/cds-mtxsMultitenancy, tenant provisioning and model extensibility for CAP.sap official, cap
Multitenancy, tenant provisioning and extensibility for CAP
@sap/hdi-deploy@sap/hdi-deployThe Node.js deployer for SAP HANA Deployment Infrastructure: it writes a database module's design-time files into an HDI container as a delta, and it is what cds deploy runs for SAP HANA.sap official, cap
Node.js deployer for SAP HANA Deployment Infrastructure containers
cds-dbmcds-dbmA delta deployment and migration tool for CAP on PostgreSQL that diffs the live schema against a reference schema with Liquibase and applies the change, never dropping tables by default.independent, cap
Delta deployment and migrations for CAP database adapters
Archived The declared repository is archived.
Functional boundary The repository is archived, so nothing here will move again. Fine to keep where it already runs; anything new should start from what the current cds deploy leaves open rather than from this.
Getting started with CAP on PostgreSQL (Node.js)Getting started with CAP on PostgreSQL (Node.js)Running CAP on PostgreSQL locally in 2020, when doing so meant the community packages cds-pg and cds-dbm. It now opens with a banner the author added later: @sap/cds 7.0.0 has native PostgreSQL support, use @cap-js/postgres instead, with a pointer to a step-by-step guide for it. Worth having for that banner as much as for the content — a post that tells you not to follow it is a dated fact about where the answer moved.published 2020-11-16
Getting started with CAP on PostgreSQL (Node.js)
cds-pg. Affects Runnable code.
HANA Database Migration: Handling Incompatible Changes to Existing TablesHANA Database Migration: Handling Incompatible Changes to Existing TablesThe question schema evolution exists for, asked plainly: how do you restructure a table in a production system that already holds live data. Incompatible changes are the ones CAP's own alter path will not make, which is where this starts.Sekar Somasundaram, published 2025-04-16
How I migrated my on-prem xsa cds3+hana solution to cds6+sqliteHow I migrated my on-prem xsa cds3+hana solution to cds6+sqliteThree major CDS versions and a database swap in one move, done to get an old on-premise XSA application running somewhere cheap. The repository is linked, and the interest is in what broke between cds3 and cds6 rather than in the destination.alex_myakinkii, published 2022-08-07
How I migrated my on-prem xsa cds3+hana solution to cds6+sqlite
Database connectors has changed twice since this was published, most recently in @sap/cds 10.1.0, 2026-09-07. Affects Runnable code.
Run and Deploy CAP with PostgreSQL on SAP BTP Cloud Foundry (Node.js)Run and Deploy CAP with PostgreSQL on SAP BTP Cloud Foundry (Node.js)The deployment half of the pair, two weeks after the local one, and superseded the same way: it carries the same banner directing readers to @cap-js/postgres and the official documentation. The two together are the community PostgreSQL path as it stood before the core absorbed it.published 2020-11-30
Run and Deploy CAP with PostgreSQL on SAP BTP Cloud Foundry (Node.js)
cds-dbm. Affects Runnable code.
Run and Deploy SAP CAP (Java) with PostgreSQL using Official Database Adapter @cap-js/postgresRun and Deploy SAP CAP (Java) with PostgreSQL using Official Database Adapter @cap-js/postgresThe post that records a handover. The author's earlier writing relied on the community projects cds-pg and cds-dbm; this one states that both were deprecated in favour of the official PostgreSQL support arriving with @sap/cds 7, and rewrites the path around @cap-js/postgres. For CAP Java it takes a different route to the initial schema.sql than the Node.js case, and it is candid that automatic schema deployment is convenient but not always what you want. Dated evidence for why two artifacts here went quiet.shanthakumar_krishnaswamy, published 2023-08-02
Run and Deploy SAP CAP (Java) with PostgreSQL using Official Database Adapter @cap-js/postgres
cds 7, line ended. Affects A recipe, Runnable code.
Run and Deploy SAP CAP (Node.js or Java) with PostgreSQL on SAP BTP Cloud FoundryRun and Deploy SAP CAP (Node.js or Java) with PostgreSQL on SAP BTP Cloud FoundryBoth runtimes in one walkthrough, and it stops on schema evolution — which is the reason to read it rather than one of the several other PostgreSQL posts here, since that is where the PostgreSQL story diverges from HANA's and the deploy stops being automatic.TiaXu, published 2023-07-12
Run and Deploy SAP CAP (Node.js or Java) with PostgreSQL on SAP BTP Cloud Foundry
Database connectors has changed twice since this was published, most recently in @sap/cds 10.1.0, 2026-09-07. Affects A recipe, Runnable code.
SAP CAP Recent Enhancements the HANA Dev Should Know AboutSAP CAP Recent Enhancements the HANA Dev Should Know AboutThomas Jung walks through CAP features for HANA database developers that landed through late 2021: doc comments in the data model (CDL comments propagated into generated database objects via the package.json cdsc.docs compiler option), and schema evolution reaching general availability in the November 2021 release, using the @cds.persistence.journal annotation and cds.hana.journal settings to generate incremental hdbmigrationtable migration scripts instead of dropping and recreating tables. It also walks through two features outside those two: window functions in view column definitions, added in the December 2021 release, and a beta assert_integrity setting that generates database foreign-key constraints from 1:1 associations and compositions.published 2022-02-15
SAP Developer New, July 3rd 2026SAP Developer New, July 3rd 2026A "Did You Know" segment in this SAP Developer News video walks through schema evolution: CAP's ability to add a new field to an entity, or make a compatible change to an existing one, then redeploy the model with no data loss or manual migration. The rest of the July 2026 episode covers that month's Developer Challenge, a SAP HANA Cloud Q2 release announcement and a UI5 survey call, none explained in substance here.published 2026-07-02
SearchSAP and community
@sap/cds@sap/cdsThe CAP Node.js runtime, which compiles the CDS model, serves the services declared in it, answers generic requests before any handler runs, and loads every cds-plugin.sap official, cap
CAP Node.js runtime
Building an SAP BTP Agent Architecture from Scratch: Python + CAP + HANABuilding an SAP BTP Agent Architecture from Scratch: Python + CAP + HANAA first-person build log of a Flask orchestrator on Cloud Foundry that reduces a question to keywords, searches a Node.js service's Documents entity, and passes what it finds to Claude for a grounded answer. Getting there means learning that HANA's fuzzy .search() matches one word but not a full sentence, fixed by splitting the query into terms and merging the per-term hits, and that provisioning SAP HANA Cloud hits a database-level free-tier quota rather than an HDI-container one, with a stopped instance needing to be resumed first. It also covers @sap/cds-dk needing to sit in dependencies rather than devDependencies, since Cloud Foundry's buildpack skips the latter, before cds deploy --to hana can run as part of the push.neilaspin, published 2026-07-28
Case-insensitive filters in Fiori Elements (List report + CAP)Case-insensitive filters in Fiori Elements (List report + CAP)A blocker rather than a feature: filters on a List Report are case-sensitive, the business wanted them not to be, and the CAP backend is where it gets fixed. Node and Java both.Kishannaicker, published 2022-04-26
Improved Search Performance in SAP BTP Core, SAP Cloud Application Programming Model, Node.js RuntimeImproved Search Performance in SAP BTP Core, SAP Cloud Application Programming Model, Node.js RuntimeExplains CDS version 5's @cds.search annotation, which lets a service declare which elements a search query covers, and states that only String-typed elements are searched by default so the generated SQL stays simple. Covers two further changes to @sap/cds's Node.js runtime: metadata about which elements are searchable is now cached, and search over localized text can resolve at query time instead of through a compiled view, avoiding a coalesce function that blocks filter push-down on SAP HANA. Also describes an experimental toggle, cds.env.features.optimized_search, that lets the runtime choose the CONTAINS predicate over LIKE for large data sets.published 2021-08-18
Understanding Fuzzy Search in SAP Fiori ApplicationsUnderstanding Fuzzy Search in SAP Fiori ApplicationsExplains SAP HANA Enterprise Search's fuzzy, relevance-ranked matching behind Fiori's global search bar, its exact-match Search Query Syntax operators, and how a CAP CDS project on @sap/cds tunes the gap between them with @cds.search and @Search.fuzzinessThreshold, shown on a Contracts entity's contractNumber field. Raising the threshold to 0.95 narrows that field to near-exact matches for structured identifiers such as contract numbers, while an unset field keeps HANA's default (~80%) fuzziness for broader free-text discovery.Ruchi5, published 2026-07-27
Temporal dataSAP only
@sap/cds@sap/cdsThe CAP Node.js runtime, which compiles the CDS model, serves the services declared in it, answers generic requests before any handler runs, and loads every cds-plugin.sap official, cap
CAP Node.js runtime
My CAP Projects ToolboxMy CAP Projects ToolboxA working inventory of daily CAP tooling: scaffolding a project with cds init and growing it facet by facet through cds add (TypeScript, seed data, an .http test file, a handler stub), then running it with cds watch and setting a breakpoint in a custom handler from SAP Business Application Studio's JavaScript Debug Terminal. It also walks through an @open entity that accepts properties the model never declared, and reading temporal data defined with CAP's temporal aspect, where a plain read returns only what is valid now and a custom handler is needed to retrieve every time slice.vvdries, published 2024-12-23
Transaction managementSAP only
@sap/cds@sap/cdsThe CAP Node.js runtime, which compiles the CDS model, serves the services declared in it, answers generic requests before any handler runs, and loads every cds-plugin.sap official, cap
CAP Node.js runtime
SAP Cloud Application Programming Model（CAP）：カスタムロジックの実装 – Part 2SAP Cloud Application Programming Model（CAP）：カスタムロジックの実装 – Part 2A walkthrough of implementing custom logic in a CAP Node.js service for the capire bookshop sample, registering before, on and after handlers around the generated CRUD service for its Books and Orders entities. The before handler validates an incoming order's amount and runs a transactional CQN UPDATE to decrement stock, raising a 400 or 409 through req.error when the amount is invalid or no rows match; an after handler on READ appends a discount note to overstocked books.rasai, published 2021-01-01
Value normalisationCommunity only
@neoimpulse/cap-js-trim@neoimpulse/cap-js-trimA CAP plugin that strips whitespace from string elements on write, driven by a @cds.trim annotation on an entity or on single elements.independent, cap
CAP plugin stripping whitespace from strings on write via @cds.trim
@neoimpulse/cap-js-uppercase@neoimpulse/cap-js-uppercaseA CAP plugin that uppercases string elements on write, driven by a @cds.uppercase annotation on an entity or on single elements, the twin of the trim plugin.independent, cap
CAP plugin uppercasing strings on write via @cds.uppercase